Isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle kwigumbi
Isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle kwigumbi,
isiqinisekiso se-bsmi,
▍Yintoni iGOST-R Declaration?
I-GOST-R i-Declaration of Conformity luxwebhu lwesibhengezo sokuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zihambelana nemimiselo yokhuseleko lwaseRashiya. Xa uMthetho weMveliso kunye neNkonzo yeSiqinisekiso wakhutshwa yiRussian Federation ngo-1995, inkqubo yoqinisekiso lwemveliso esisinyanzelo yaqala ukusebenza eRashiya. Ifuna zonke iimveliso ezithengiswa kwimarike yaseRashiya ukuba ziprintwe nge-GOST enyanzelekileyo yokuqinisekisa uphawu.
Njengenye yeendlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okunyanzelekileyo, iGost-R Declaration of Conformity isekelwe kwiingxelo zokuhlolwa okanye ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho. Ukongeza, i-Declaration of Conformity inophawu lokuba inokukhutshwa kuphela kwiqumrhu elisemthethweni laseRashiya elithetha ukuba umfaki-sicelo (umnini) wesatifikethi unokuba yinkampani yaseRashiya ebhaliswe ngokusemthethweni okanye iofisi yangaphandle ebhaliswe eRashiya.
▍IGOST-R Uhlobo lwesiBhengezo kunye nokuSetyenzwa
1. SenyeSukunyathelaCqinisekisa
Isatifikethi sokuthumela esinye sisebenza kuphela kwibhetshi ekhankanyiweyo, imveliso echaziweyo echazwe kwikhontrakthi. Ulwazi oluthile luphantsi kolawulo olungqongqo, olufana negama lento, ubuninzi, inkcazo, isivumelwano kunye nomxhasi waseRashiya.
2. Cisiqinisekisoe ngobunyani beUnyaka omnye
Nje ukuba imveliso inikwe isatifikethi, abavelisi banokuthumela iimveliso eRussia ngaphakathi konyaka omnye ngaphandle komda wamaxesha okuthumela kunye nobungakanani kumxumi othile.
3. Cqinisekisa ngokunyaniseka kweiminyaka emithathu/mihlanu
Nje ukuba imveliso inikwe isatifikethi, abavelisi banokuthumela iimveliso eRussia phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 okanye emi-5 ngaphandle komda wamaxesha okuthumela kunye nobungakanani kumxumi othile.
▍Kutheni i-MCM?
● I-MCM ineqela leenjineli zokufunda imimiselo yaseRashiya yamva nje, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindaba zamva nje zesatifikethi se-GOST-R zingabiwa ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha kubathengi.
●I-MCM yakha intsebenziswano esondeleleneyo kunye nombutho wokuqala owasekwayo woqinisekiso, obonelela ngenkonzo yoqinisekiso oluzinzileyo nesebenzayo kubathengi.
▍Yintoni i-EAC?
Ngoku kaTheIikhrayitheriya eziqhelekileyo ezifanelekileyo kunye neMithetho yeMithetho yoBugcisa yeKazakhstan, Belarus kunye neRussian Federationnto leyo isivumelwano esayinwe yiRashiya, Belarus kunye Kazakhstan ngo-Oktobha 18 2010, iKomiti Union Customs uya kuzinikela ekuqulunqeni umgangatho ofanayo kunye nemfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko imveliso. Isiqinisekiso esinye sisebenza kumazwe amathathu, esenza i-Russia-Belarus-Kazakhstan CU-TR isatifikethi esinophawu olufanayo lwe-EAC. Ummiselo uqale ukusebenza ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka nge-15 kaFebruwarith2013. NgoJanuwari 2015, iArmenia neKyrgyzstan zajoyina iCustoms Union.
▍Udidi lwesatifikethi seCU-TR kunye nokuSebenza
- SenyeSukunyathelaCqinisekisa
Isatifikethi sokuthumela esinye sisebenza kuphela kwibhetshi ekhankanyiweyo, imveliso echaziweyo echazwe kwikhontrakthi. Ulwazi oluthile luphantsi kolawulo olungqongqo, olufana negama lezinto, ubuninzi, inkontileka yenkcazo kunye nomxhasi waseRashiya. Xa ufaka isicelo sesatifikethi, akukho zisampuli zicelwayo ukuba zinike kodwa amaxwebhu kunye nolwazi luyafuneka.
- CqinisekisangeubunyaniyeUnyaka omnye
Nje ukuba imveliso inikwe isatifikethi, abavelisi banokuthumela iimveliso eRussia ngaphakathi konyaka omnye ngaphandle komda wamaxesha okuthunyelwa kunye nobungakanani.
- Isatifikethi esinesiqinisekiso seNtathuunyakas
Nje ukuba imveliso inikwe isatifikethi, abavelisi banokuthumela iimveliso eRussia phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ngaphandle komda wamaxesha okuthunyelwa kunye nobungakanani.
- Isatifikethi esisemthethweni seminyaka emihlanu
Nje ukuba imveliso inikwe isatifikethi, abavelisi banokuthumela iimveliso eRashiya phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ngaphandle komda wamaxesha okuthunyelwa kunye nobungakanani.
▍Kutheni i-MCM?
● I-MCM ineqela leenjineli eziqeqeshelwe ukufunda imibutho yamva nje yesatifikethi imigaqo, kunye nokubonelela ngenkonzo yokulandela iiprojekthi ezikufutshane, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yabathengi ingena kwingingqi ngokutyibilikayo nangempumelelo.
● Ubutyebi obuninzi obuqokelelwe kushishino lweebhetri lwenza ukuba i-MCM ibonelele ngenkonzo esebenzayo nenexabiso eliphantsi kumxhasi.
● I-MCM yakha intsebenziswano esondeleyo kunye nemibutho yendawo efanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lwamva nje lwesatifikethi se-CU-TR lwabelwana ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha kunye nabaxhasi.
6.1 Isekethe emfutshane yangaphandle kwigumbi
ubushushu
Emva kokuba iseli ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo ngokuhambelana
kunye nendlela yokuvavanya echazwe kwi-4.5.1, indawo
kwindawo ye-20 ℃
kuba ubushushu bomphezulu kwiseli ukuya
ukufikelela kuma-20 ℃
imizuzu. Emva koko udibanise i-positive kunye
iitheminali ezimbi zeseli ngeengcingo kunye
qinisekisa ukuba zonke iinkcaso zangaphandle ziyi-80
mΩ±20 mΩ.
Ukubeka iliso ubushushu iseli utshintsho ngexesha
uvavanyo. Xa enye yezi zimbini zilandelayo
iimeko zenzeka, uvavanyo luphelisiwe:
a) Ubushushu beseli buhla ukuya kutsho kuma-20%.
kunexabiso eliphezulu;
b) Ixesha le-short-circuit lifikelela kwi-24 h.
Iseli akufanele ibambe umlilo okanye iqhume kwaye
elona qondo lobushushu liphezulu alidluli kwi-150
C.
Qaphela, i-coefficient yokulandelela igumbi laseTshayina ye
ucingo yi Xiaoping 5X10-1 ℃-1. Njenge
ucingo lwe-constantan, njl.
Cima “Isekethi emfutshane yangaphandle
kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi “uvavanyo.
6.2 Ubushushu obuphezulu besiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle
Emva kokuba iseli ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo ngokwe
indlela yovavanyo echazwe ku-4.5.1, uyibeke kwindawo
okusingqongileyo kwama-55 ℃
iqondo lobushushu phezu kweseli ukuya 55 ℃
± 5 ℃
Emva koko qhagamshela i-positive kunye ne-negative
iitheminali zeseli ngocingo kwaye uqinisekise
ukuba zonke izichaso zangaphandle ziyi-80 mΩ±20
mΩ.
Ukubeka iliso ubushushu iseli utshintsho ngexesha
uvavanyo. Xa enye yezi zimbini zilandelayo
iimeko zenzeka, uvavanyo luphelisiwe:
a) Ubushushu beseli buhla ukuya kutsho kuma-20%.
kunexabiso eliphezulu;
b) Ixesha le-short-circuit lifikelela kwi-24 h. I
iseli akufuneki ibambe umlilo okanye iqhume kwaye i
iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu alidluli kwi-150 C.
Qaphela, i-coefficient yokulandelela igumbi laseTshayina ye
ucingo yi Xiaoping 5X10-1 ℃-1. Njenge
ucingo lwe-constantan, njl.
Kulungiswe ubushushu kunye nenqaku
6.1 I-short-circuit yangaphandle enobushushu obuphezulu
Emva kokutshaja ngokupheleleyo iseli ngokwe
indlela yovavanyo echazwe ku-4.5.1, uyibeke kwindawo
okusingqongileyo kwama-57 ℃ ± 4 ℃. Emva kweseli
ubushushu bomhlaba bufikelela kuma-57 ℃ ± 4 ℃,
yiyeke eminye imizuzu engama-30.
Emva koko qhagamshela i-positive kunye ne-negative
iitheminali zebhetri ngeengcingo, kwaye uqinisekise
ukuba zonke izichaso zangaphandle ziyi-80 mΩ±20
mΩ.
Lawula utshintsho lobushushu bebhetri
ngexesha lovavanyo. Xa enye yezi zimbini zilandelayo
iimeko zenzeka, uvavanyo luphelisiwe:
a) Ukuhla kobushushu beseli kufikelela kuma-20%.
ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu;
b) Ixesha lesekethe elifutshane lifikelela kwi-24 h.
Xa kukho impikiswano, a) kunye b) khetha
eyona ingqongqo.
Ibhetri akufanele ibambe umlilo okanye
gqabhuka.
6.3 Umrhumo ongaphezulu
Emva kokuba iseli ikhutshwe ngokwe
Kuhlonyelwe iimfuno ezibhalwe ngqindilili
6.2 Umrhumo ongaphezulu
