Imvelaphi

Ngomhla we-16 kaJuni, i-2023, iPalamente yaseYurophu kunye neBhunga laseYurophu yavuma imithetho ebizwa ngokuba yi-Ecodesign Regulation ukunceda abathengi benze ukhetho olunolwazi noluzinzileyo xa kuthengwa.mobilekunye neefowuni ezingenazintambo, kunye neepilisi, eziyimilinganiselo yokwenza ezi zixhobo zibe namandla ngakumbi, zihlala zihlala njalo kwaye kulula ukuzilungisa. Lo mmiselo ulandela isindululo seKhomishini ngoNovemba ka-2022, phantsi kwe-EU Ecodesign Regulation.(jonga umba wethu 31 " Imarike ye-EU iceba ukongeza iimfuno zomjikelo wobomi bebhetri esetyenziswa kwiselfowuni“) , ejolise ekwenzeni i-EU's uqoqosho oluzinzileyo ngakumbi, gcina amandla amaninzi, ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint kunye nokuxhasa ishishini lesetyhula.

I-Ecodesign Regulation ibeka ubuncinci beemfuno zeefowuni eziphathwayo nezingenacingo kunye neetafile kwimarike ye-EU. Ifuna ukuba:

• Iimveliso zinokuxhathisa amathontsi ngengozi okanye imikrwelo, ubungqina bothuli kunye namanzi, kwaye zihlala ziqinile ngokwaneleyo. Iibhetri kufuneka zigcine ubuncinci be-80% yesakhono sazo sokuqala emva kokumelana ubuncinane nemijikelo ye-800 yentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa.
• Kufuneka kubekho imigaqo yokuqhawula kunye nokulungiswa. Abavelisi kufuneka benze iindawo ezisecaleni ezibalulekileyo zifumaneke kubalungisi phakathi kweentsuku ezi-5-10 zokusebenza. Oku kufuneka kugcinwe kude kube yi-7 iminyaka emva kokuphela kokuthengiswa kwemodeli yemveliso kwimarike ye-EU.
• Ukufumaneka kokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokusebenza ixesha elide: ubuncinane iminyaka emi-5 emva kokuba imveliso ibekwe kwimarike.
• lUfikelelo olungacaluliyo lwabalungisi abaqeqeshiweyo kuyo nayiphi na isoftware okanye i-firmware efunekayo ukutshintshwa.

I-Ecodesign kunye noMthetho oMtsha weBattery

Kwingabula-zigcawu yoMthetho omtsha weBattery, ikhankanya ukuba “kwiibhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiiselfowuni kunye neetafile, iimfuno zokusebenza nokuqina kwezi bhetri kufuneka zimiselwe ngokwemigaqo ye-ecodesign yexesha elizayo yeeselfowuni neetafile.” Okwangoku, ubuncinci obulawulwayo bokusebenza kwe-electrochemical kunye neeparamitha zokuqina kweebhetri eziphathwayo azikachazwa okwangoku, kwaye ziya kumiselwa kwiinyanga ezingama-48 emva kokuphunyezwa koMthetho oMtsha weBattery. Ekumiseleni ezi xabiso zifunekayo, iKhomishini iya kuthithembelekwiimfuno zemigaqo ye-ecodesign.

Iimfuno ze-Ecodesign (Ibhetri)

Kwiibhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye neetafile, kukho ezi mfuno zilandelayo kulo mmiselo:

UBomi boMjikelo webhetri: Umenzi, umrhwebi, okanye ummeli ogunyazisiweyo uya kuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo simelana nobuncinci imijikelo ye-800 yentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa kwaye sigcine ubuncinci be-80% yomthamo wokuqala. Xa ivavanywa phantsi kweemeko zokutshaja, amandla okutshaja anqunyelwe yinkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri, hayi ngamandla ombane. (Isalathiso: IEC EN 61960-3:2017)

Inkqubo yoLawulo lwebhetri: Le datha ilandelayo yenkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri kufuneka irekhodwe kwisethingi yenkqubo okanye ezinye iindawo ezifikelelekayo kumsebenzisi wokugqibela:

1. Umhla wemveliso;
2. Umhla apho umsebenzisi wokuqala asebenzise ibhetri emva kokuyicwangcisa;
3. Inani lemijikelo yentlawulo / yokukhupha (jonga umthamo olinganisiweyo);
4. Ubume bempilo (obusele buhlawulwe ngokupheleleyo ngokumalunga nomthamo olinganisiweyo, iyunithi yi%).

Ulawulo lwebhetri kufuneka lube nomsebenzi onganyanzelekanga wokutshaja, aphoukupheliswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwentlawuloeintandovula xa ibhetri itshajiwe ukuya kuma-80% SOC.

1. Xa lo msebenzi uvuliwe, umenzi, umrhwebi othenga kumazwe angaphandle okanye ummeli ogunyazisiweyo unokwenza isixhobo sigcwalise ibhetri ngokupheleleyo ngamaxesha athile ukugcina uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwebhetri ye-SOC. Abasebenzisi banokukhetha eli nqaku xa beqala ukutshaja isixhobo okanye baziswe ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha lofakelo, emva koko iyakutshaja ibhetri ngamaxesha athile ukuya kuma-80% omthamo opheleleyo ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri.
2. Umenzi, umrhwebi othenga kumazwe angaphandle okanye ummeli ogunyazisiweyo uya kubonelela ngeempawu zolawulo lwamandla ezithi, ngokungagqibekanga, aqinisekise ukuba akukho mandla atshintshayo anikwa ibhetri emva kokuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle kokuba ingaphantsi kwe-95% yomthamo wentlawulo ephezulu.

Ngaba iibhetri kufuneka zisuswe?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuqhawula ibhetri kunye nokutshintshwa:

Ukutshintshwa okuqhelekileyo (kuyasuswa)

• Izibophelelo kufuneka zinikezelwe kwakhona okanye ziphinde zisetyenziswe;
• Inkqubo yokutshintshwa iya kwenzeka kwiimeko ezilandelayo: ngaphandle kwezixhobo, kunye neseti enye okanye enye yezixhobo eziqhotyoshelweyo kunye neemveliso okanye amacandelo, kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko.
• Inkqubo yokutshintshwa inokuqhutywa kwindawo yokusetyenziswa;
• Inkqubo yokutshintshwa kufuneka ikwazi ukwenziwa ngabantu abangafundanga.

Ulondolozo lobuchwephesha (alususwa)

• Inkqubo yokutshintsha ibhetri kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho echaziweyo. Umvelisi, umrhwebi okanye ummeli ogunyazisiweyo uya kwenza iinxalenye zebhetri ezisecaleniabalungisi,kubandakanywa izibophelelo ezifunekayo (ukuba azinakuphinda zisebenziseke), kwaye kude kube ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-7 emva kokuphela komhla wokubekwa kwimarike;
• Emva kwemijikelezo ye-500 yentlawulo epheleleyo, ibhetri kufuneka ibe kwimeko egcwele ngokupheleleyo kunye nomthamo oseleyo ubuncinane we-83% yomthamo olinganisiweyo;
• Ibhetri kufuneka ibe nomjikelo wobomi ubuncinane be-1,000 imijikelezo epheleleyo, kwaye emva kwe-1,000 imijikelezo epheleleyo, ibhetri kufuneka ibe kwimeko egcweleyo kunye ne-80% yomthamo olinganisiweyo oseleyo;
• Izixhobo kufuneka zikhuseleke uthuli, kwaye zikwazi ukuntywiliselwa kwimitha enye yamanzi anzulu ubuncinane ubuncinane be-30 min (IP67).

Isishwankathelo

Ummiselo omtsha we-Ecodesign uya kuba nexesha lotshintsho leenyanga ezingama-21. Akukho zinguqu zinkulu xa kuthelekiswa noguqulelo oluyilwayo lwangaphambili, kwaye kukho ukuxolelwa kwiimfuno zeebhetri ezinokususwa kwiselfowuni kunye neetafile ezingena kwi-EU. Oku kufuna ukuba iindawo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezixhobo kufuneka zinikezelwe kubasebenzi abatshintshileyo bebhetri, kwaye ibhetri kufuneka ihlangabezane nokusebenza okuchaziweyo.