Ngaba iibhetri ze-lithium zihlelwa njengempahla eyingozi?

Ewe, iibhetri ze-lithium zihlelwa njengempahla eyingozi.

Ngokwemigaqo yamazwe ngamazwe efana neIzindululo kuThutho lweMpahla eyiNgozi(TDG), iIKhowudi yeeMpahla eziNgozi yaseLwandle yaMazwe ngaMazwe(IMDG Code), kunye neImiyalelo yobuGcisa yoThutho oluKhuselekileyo lweMpahla eyiNgozi ngoMoyaepapashwe yi-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), iibhetri ze-lithium ziwela phantsi kweKlasi ye-9: Izinto ezinobungozi kunye namanqaku ahlukeneyo, kuquka izinto ezinobungozi bokusingqongileyo.

Kukho iindidi ezi-3 eziphambili zeebhetri ze-lithium ezineenombolo ze-5 ze-UN ezihlelwe ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yokusebenza kunye neendlela zokuthutha:

• Iibhetri ze-lithium ezizimeleyo: Zinokwahlulwa ngakumbi kwiibhetri zetsimbi ze-lithium kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezihambelana neenombolo ze-UN UN3090 kunye ne-UN3480, ngokulandelanayo.
• Iibhetri zeLithium ezifakwe kwizixhobo: Ngokufanayo, zihlelwe kwiibhetri zetsimbi ze-lithium kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezihambelana neenombolo ze-UN UN3091 kunye ne-UN3481, ngokulandelanayo.
• Izithuthi ezisebenza ngebhetri yeLithium okanye izixhobo eziziqhubela ngokwazo: Imizekelo ibandakanya iimoto zombane, iibhayisekile zombane, ii-scooters zombane, izitulo zamavili zombane, njl. njl., ezihambelana nenombolo ye-UN3171.

Ngaba iibhetri ze-lithium zifuna ukupakishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi?

Ngokwemigaqo ye-TDG, iibhetri ze-lithium ezifuna ukupakishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ziquka:

• Iibhetri zesinyithi ze-lithium okanye iibhetri ze-lithium alloy kunye nomxholo we-lithium omkhulu kune-1g.
• I-Lithium metal okanye i-lithium alloy ibhetri iipakethi ezinomxholo opheleleyo we-lithium odlula i-2g.
• Iibhetri zeLithium-ion ezinomthamo olinganisiweyo ongaphezu kwe-20 Wh, kunye neepakethe zebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinomthamo ogqithisiweyo ngaphezu kwe-100 Wh.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium ezikhululwe kwipakethe yempahla eyingozi zisafuna ukubonisa umlinganiselo weyure ye-watt kwipakethe yangaphandle. Ukongezelela, kufuneka babonise iimpawu zebhetri ze-lithium ezithobelayo, ezibandakanya umda obomvu odayiweyo kunye nesimboli emnyama ebonisa umngcipheko womlilo kwiipakethi zebhetri kunye neeseli.

Ziziphi iimfuno zovavanyo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kweebhetri ze-lithium?

Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kweebhetri ze-lithium ezineenombolo ze-UN i-UN3480, i-UN3481, i-UN3090, kunye ne-UN3091, kufuneka baqhube uluhlu lweemvavanyo ngokweSiqendwana 38.3 seCandelo le-III leZizwe eziManyeneyo '.Iingcebiso malunga nokuThuthwa kweeMpahla ezinobungozi - Incwadi yoVavanyo kunye neMithetho. Iimvavanyo zibandakanya: ukulinganisa ukuphakama, uvavanyo lokuhamba ngebhayisikile eshushu (amaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi), ukungcangcazela, ukothuka, isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle kwi-55 ℃, impembelelo, ukutyumza, ukuchasa, kunye nokukhutshwa ngenkani. Ezi mvavanyo ziqhutyelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okukhuselekileyo kweebhetri ze-lithium.

Zeziphi iinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle kweebhetri ze-lithium?

Ngokutsho kweNqaku le-17 leUmthetho waBantu'kwiRiphabhlikhi yase-China kuHlolo lweMpahla yoRhwebo ngaphandle nokuThumela ngaphandle, amashishini avelisa imigqomo yokupakisha yokuthumela impahla eyingozi kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka afake izicelo kumagosa ohlolo kunye nawokuvalelwa yedwa kuvavanyo lwentsebenzo yezingxobo zokupakisha. Amashishini avelisa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla enobungozi kufuneka afake isicelo sovavanyo lokusetyenziswa kwezingxobo zokupakisha ukusuka kugunyaziwe wokuhlola kunye ne-quarantine. Ke ngoko, kwiibhetri ze-lithium ezipakishwe kwipakethe yempahla enobungozi, ishishini kufuneka lifake isicelo kumasiko asekhaya ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kokupakisha kunye nokusetyenziswa kovavanyo ngaphambi kokuthumela ngaphandle. Ishishini kufuneka lifumaneIFomu yeSiphumo soHlolo lokuSebenza ngokuPhakanyiswa kweMpahla yoThuthokwaye iUkupakishwa kokuThuthwa kweMpahla eyiNgozi ePhumayo Sebenzisa iFomu yeSiphumo soVavanyo. Inkqubo yamaxwebhu ingenziwa lula ngokwemigaqo efanelekileyo efana neIsibhengezo ngokwenziwa kweDijithali yokuHlola kunye naMaxwebhu okuValwa.

Amashishini avelisa ukupakishwa kokuthumela izinto ezinobungozi kufuneka afake izicelo kumasiko engingqiIFomu yeSiphumo soHlolo lokuSebenza ngokuPhakanyiswa kweMpahla yoThutho. Ixesha lokuqinisekiswa kwefomu limiselwa ngokusekelwe kubume bezinto eziphathekayo zesingxobo sokupakisha kunye nohlobo lweempahla ezithwalayo, ngokubanzi azidluli kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukususela kumhla wokuveliswa kwesikhongozeli. Ukuba iimpahla azithunyelwanga ngexesha lokuqinisekisa, kwaye ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kukwimeko entle, ishishini lingaphinda lifake isicelo sokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokupakisha. Emva kokuphumelela uhlolo, ifomu ehlaziyiweyo ingasetyenziselwa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwaye iya kuhlala isebenza ukuya kutsho kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukusuka kumhla wokuhlolwa.

Amashishini avelisa izinto ezinobungozi (oko kukuthi, umenzi webhetri yelithium okanye umrhwebi ngaphandle) kufuneka afake izicelo kumasiko engingqiUkupakishwa kokuThuthwa kweMpahla eyiNgozi ePhumayo Sebenzisa iFomu yeSiphumo soVavanyo. Iibhetri ze-lithium kufuneka zibonise amandla alinganisiweyo (W · h). Ngexesha lokuphunyezwa kovavanyo lokupakishwa kokupakishwa kwempahla eyingozi ephuma ngaphandle, amasiko aya kuqwalasela le migaqo ilandelayo yokufaneleka:

• Iimpawu zokupakisha ezicacileyo, ezikhuselekileyo nezichanekileyo ze-UN, iinkcukacha zebhetshi, kunye neesimboli zeempahla eziyingozi maziprintwe kwisingxobo sokupakisha. Iimpawu, iisimboli kunye nokupakishwa kufuneka kuhambelane neemfuno ezifanelekileyo.
• Imbonakalo yangaphandle yokupakishwa kufuneka icoceke, kungabikho ntsalela, ungcoliseko, okanye ukuvuza kuvunyelwe.
• Xa ukhusela iibhokisi zokhuni okanye ze-fiberboard ngezikhonkwane, kufuneka zibethelwe ngokuqinileyo, kwaye iingcebiso zesikhonkwane kufuneka zigobe phantsi. Iingcebiso ze-Nail kunye nee-caps akufanele zivelele. Umzimba webhokisi kufuneka uphelele, kwaye ukubopha kufuneka kuqinise kwibhokisi. Iibhokisi zamaphepha enziwe ngamazinki kufuneka zingonakaliswe, kunye nokuvalwa okugudileyo kunye nokuqina okutywiniweyo, kunye nokubopha kufuneka kuqinise kwibhokisi.
• Kufuneka kubekho imathiriyeli engasebenzisiyo phakathi kwebhetri nganye okanye iipakethi zeebhetri kunye neebhetri ezipakishweyo ukuthintela ukudibana.
• Iibhetri kufuneka zibe nezixhobo zokukhusela i-short-circuit.
• Ii-electrode zeebhetri kufuneka zingaxhasi ubunzima bezinye iibhetri ezipakishweyo.
• Izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo zokupakishwa kweebhetri ze-lithium okanye iipakethi zebhetri zikwimimiselo yamazwe ngamazwe kufuneka zihlangane.

Ukwaphulwa okuqhelekileyo

Ukususela kukwaphulwa okuqhelekileyo ekuthunyelweni kweebhetri ze-lithium, imiba ephambili echongiweyo ngamasiko ibandakanya: iinkampani ezisilela ukufaka isiceloUkupakishwa kokuThuthwa kweMpahla eyiNgozi ePhumayo Sebenzisa iFomu yeSiphumo soVavanyongaphandle kokuhlangabezana nemiqathango yokukhululwa; Iimpawu zebhetri ye-lithium kwipakethe yangaphandle zigqunyiwe okanye zingaboniswa njengoko kufuneka.

Imiba yokuleyibhile

• Ngaba iilebhile zothutho lwebhetri ye-lithium zinokuprintwa kwiphepha le-A4?

Akukhuthazwa ukuprinta kwiphepha le-A4 njengoko kunokukhokelela ngokulula kumonakalo okanye ukuchithwa. Ukuthutha ngolwandle, iilebhile zezothutho kufuneka zihlale zicacile kwaye zibonakala nasemva kokucwiliswa emanzini olwandle ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu.

• Ngaba iilebhile zezothutho zodidi lwe-9 kwi-TDG zibandakanya ulwandlalo oludayiweyo? Ngaba iilebhile ezingenawo umgca odayiziweyo zithathwa njengezingahambelaniyo?

Ngokwemigaqo yeleyibhile kwiCandelo 5.2.2.2, TDG Volume 2, ukuba ileyibhile ifakwe kwimvelaphi eyahlukileyo, akukho mfuneko yokuchaza umda wangaphandle kunye nomgca odayiweyo.

Uluqhuba njani uvavanyo losetyenziso lweekhabhathi zokugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium ezinobungakanani obudlula umda wovavanyo lokupakishwa kwempahla eyingozi?

Kwiikhabhinethi zokugcina amandla ezineebhetri ze-lithium ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, njengoko zingenakho ukupakishwa kwangaphandle, azingeni ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlolwa kwempahla eyingozi. Ngoko ke, akukho mfuneko yokungenisa amaxwebhu kumasiko ezinto eziyingozi zokupakisha ukusetyenziswa kwe-appraisal.

Iimfuno zokungeniswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion?

ukuhlolwa kokupakishwa kwempahla eyingozi.

Ukungeniswa kweebhetri ze-lithium, ingxelo ye-UN38.3 yanele, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokungena.