Ushicilelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-ANSI/CAN/UL/ULC 2271-2023, olufaka isicelo kuvavanyo lokhuseleko lwebhetri kwi-Light Electric Vehicle (LEV), yapapashwa ngoSeptemba 2023 ukuba ithathe indawo yomgangatho omdala wenguqulo ye-2018. Le nguqulo entsha yomgangatho ineenguqu kwiinkcazo , iimfuno zesakhiwo, kunye neemfuno zovavanyo.

Utshintsho kwiinkcazelo

• Ukongezwa kweNkcazelo yeBattery Management System (BMS):Isekethi yolawulo lwebhetri enezixhobo zokukhusela ezisebenzayo ezibeka iliso kwaye zigcine iiseli ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza yazo echaziweyo: kwaye inqanda ukutshajiswa, ukugqithisa, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ubushushu obungaphantsi kunye neemeko zokukhupha ngaphezulu kweeseli.
• Ukongezwa kwenkcazelo yesithuthuthu soMbane: Isithuthi sombane esinesihlalo okanye isali esisetyenziselwa umkhweli kwaye siyilelwe ukuba sihambe ngamavili angekho ngaphezulu kwamavili amathathu xa sidibana negroud, kodwa singabandakanyi itrektara. Isithuthuthu sombane senzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiindlela zikawonke-wonke kuquka oohola bendlela.
• Ukongezwa kwenkcazelo yeSithuthuthu soMbane: Isixhobo esinobunzima obungaphantsi kwekhulu leeponti:

a) Unezibambo, ibhodi yomgangatho okanye isitulo esinokumiswa okanye sihlale kuso ngumqhubi, kunye nenjini yombane;

b)Inokwenziwa ngamandla yinjini yombane kunye/okanye namandla omntu; kwaye

c)Inesantya esiphezulu esingadlulanga kuma-20 mph kwindawo egangathiweyo xa iqhutywa yimoto yombane kuphela.

Ukuguqulwa kwemizekelo ye-LEV: Isithuthuthu sombane siyasuswa kwaye iimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamntu (UAV) zongezwa.

• Ukongezwa kwe-Personal E-mobility Device definition: Ukuhamba komthengi okujoliswe kumkhweli omnye onombane ophinda utshajwe uloliwe olungelelanisa kwaye uqhube umkhweli, kwaye i-whcih inokubonelelwa ngesiphatho sokubamba ngelixa ukhwele. Le devide inokuthi ikwazi ukuzilinganisa.
• Ukongezwa kweenkcazo zoKhuseleko oluPhambili lwe-Overcurrent, uKhuseleko oluPhambili loKhuseleko, izixhobo eziKhuselekileyo eziKhuselekileyo, kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela.
• Ukongezwa kweeSeli ze-Sodium Ion inkcazo: Iiseli ezifanayo ekwakhiweni kweeseli ze-lithium ion ngaphandle kokuba zisebenzisa i-sodium njenge-ion yokuthutha kunye ne-electrode efanelekileyo ebandakanya ikhompawundi ye-sodium, kunye ne-carbon okanye uhlobo olufanayo lwe-anode enamanzi okanye engekho emanzini. kunye netyuwa ekhompawundi yesodium enyityilikiswa kwi-electrolyte.

Utshintsho kwiimfuno zesakhiwo

IMetallic Parts Resistance to Corrosion

1.Iindawo ezivaliweyo zokugcinwa kwamandla ombane ngengqondo (EESA) ziya kukwazi ukumelana nomhlwa. Izivalo zentsimbi ezenziwe ngezi zixhobo zilandelayo ziya kuqwalaselwa ukuba zihambelane neemfuno zokuxhathisa umhlwa:

Ubhedu, i-aluminium, okanye isinyithi esingenasici; kwaye

b) Ubhedu okanye ubhedu, nokuba kukho i-80% yobhedu ubuncinane.

2.Ukongezwa kweemfuno zokuxhathisa umhlwa kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ze-ferrous:

Iindawo ezivalekileyo ezifakwe ngaphakathi ziya kukhuselwa ekumdleni ngokwenza i-enameling, ukupeyinta, ukugalela igalvanizing, okanye ezinye iindlela ezilinganayo. Iindawo ezivaliweyo ze-ferrous zesicelo sangaphandle ziya kuhambelana novavanyo lwe-600 yeyure yetyuwa yokutshiza kwi-CSA C22.2 No. 94.2 / UL 50E. Iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokufikelela ukukhuselwa kwe-corrosion ngokweCSA C22.2 No. 94.2 / UL 50E inokwamkelwa.

Amanqanaba e-Insulation kunye ne-Protective Grounding

Ukuthotyelwa kwenkqubo yokukhusela isiseko kunokuhlolwa ngokwento entsha yovavanyo olukrelekrele lwalo mgangatho - uvavanyo lokuqhubeka komgangatho.

Uhlalutyo loKhuseleko

1.Ukongezwa kwemizekelo yohlalutyo lokhuseleko. Uhlalutyo lokhuseleko lwenkqubo kufuneka lungqine ukuba le miqathango ilandelayo ayinabungozi. Le miqathango ilandelayo iya kuqwalaselwa ubuncinci, kodwa ayiphelelanga koku:

a) Iseli yebhetri ngaphezulu kwe-voltage kunye ne-low-voltage;

b) Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bebhetri kunye neqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi; kwaye

c) Ibhetri egqithileyo kwintlawulo yangoku kunye neemeko zokukhupha.

I-2.Ukuguqulwa kwesixhobo sokukhusela ukhuseleko (i-hardware) iimfuno:

a)Iimfuno zeNdlela yokuFarilure kunye noHlahlelo lweMpembelelo (FMEA) kwi-UL 991;

b)UKhuseleko kwiziphoso zangaPhakathi zokuqinisekisa iimfuno zoKhuseleko oluSebenzayo kwi-UL 60730-1 okanye i-CSA E60730-1 (iGatya H.27.1.2); okanye

c)UkuKhuselwa kwiZiphene ukuze kuqinisekiswe iimfuno zoKhuseleko oluSebenzayo (iimfuno zeKlasi B) kwi-CSA C22.2 No.0.8 (iCandelo 5.5) ukumisela ukuthotyelwa kunye nokuchonga iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko zokuqinisekisa ukunyamezela impazamo enye.

3.Ukuguqulwa kokhuseleko lweemfuno ze-doevide (software):

a) UL 1998

b)Iimfuno zeSoftware yeClass B yeCSA C22.2 No.0.8; okanye

c)IiMiqathango eSebenzisa iimfuno zeSoftware (iimfuno zeSoftware yoDidi B) ku-UL 60730-1 (Igatya H.11.12) okanye i-CSA E60730-1.

4.Ukongezwa kweemfuno ze-BMS zokukhusela iiseli.

Ukuba kuxhomekeke ekugcineni iiseli ngaphakathi kwemida yazo yokusebenza echaziweyo, inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (BMS) iya kugcina iiseli ngaphakathi kombane weseli ochaziweyo kunye nemida yangoku ukukhusela ekutshajisweni nasekukhupheni ngaphezulu. I-BMS iya kugcina iiseli ngaphakathi kwemida yobushushu echaziweyo ebonelela ngokhuseleko ekushiseni ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokusebenza phantsi kobushushu. Xa uphonononga iisekethe zokhuseleko ukugqiba ukuba imida yengingqi yokusebenza kweeseli igcinwa, ukunyamezela kwesiphaluka / inxalenye yokukhusela kuya kuqwalaselwa kuvavanyo. Amacandelo afana ne-fuses, ii-circuit breakers okanye ezinye izixhobo kunye neengxenye ezichongiweyo eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni okujoliswe kuyo kwenkqubo yebhetri efunekayo ukuba ibonelelwe ekupheleni kokusetyenziswa kwe-LEV, iya kuchongwa kwimiyalelo yokufakela.

Ukongezwa kweemfuno zeesekethe zokukhusela.

Ukuba imida yokusebenza echaziweyo igqithiwe, isekethe yokhuselo iya kunciphisa okanye ivale ukutshaja okanye ukukhupha ukuthintela uhambo olungaphaya kwemida yokusebenza. Xa imeko enobungozi iyenzeka, inkqubo iya kuqhubeka nokubonelela ngomsebenzi wokhuseleko okanye ukuya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo (SS) okanye i-rac addressed state. Ukuba umsebenzi wokhuseleko wonakaliswe, inkqubo iya kuhlala ikwimeko ekhuselekileyo okanye ijongiswe nobungozi de umsebenzi wokhuseleko ubuyiselwe kwaye inkqubo ithathwa njengeyamkelekileyo ukusebenza.

Ukongezwa kweemfuno ze-EMC.

Iisekethe zelizwe eziluqilima kunye nolawulo lwesoftware, ekuxhomekeke kulo njengolona khuseleko luphambili lokhuseleko, luya kuvavanywa kwaye luvavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukunganyangeki kombane ngokuhambelana noVavanyo lwe-Electromagnetic Immunity ye-UL 1973 ukuba ayivavanywanga njengenxalenye yovavanyo olusebenzayo lomgangatho wokhuseleko.

Iseli

1.Ukongezwa kweemfuno zeeseli zeSodium ion. Iiseli ze-sodium ion ziya kuhambelana neemfuno zeeseli ze-sodium ion ze-UL / ULC 2580 (ezifana nokusebenza kunye nokumakisha imfuneko yeeseli ze-lithium yesibini kwi-UL / ULC 2580), kubandakanywa nokuthotyelwa kwazo zonke iimvavanyo zokusebenza kwiiseli.

2.Ukongezwa kweemfuno zeeseli ezisetyenzisiweyo. Iibhetri kunye neenkqubo zebhetri ezisebenzisa iiseli ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neebhetri ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezisetyenzisiweyo zidlule kwinkqubo eyamkelekileyo yokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngokuhambelana ne-UL 1974.

Uvavanyo loTshintsho

Uvavanyo lwentlawulo egqithisileyo

• Ukongezwa kwemfuno yokuba ngexesha lovavanyo, i-voltage yeeseli iya kulinganiswa.
• Ukongezwa kwemfuno yokuba Ukuba i-BMS iyanciphisa umbane wokutshaja kwi-valve ephantsi kufuphi nokuphela kwesigaba sokutshaja, isampuli iya kuhlawuliswa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokunciphisa ukutshaja okwangoku kude kube neziphumo zokugqibela.
• Ukucima imfuno yokuba isixhobo sokukhusela kwisekethe siyasebenza, uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ubuncinane imizuzu eli-10 kwi-90% yendawo yohambo yesixhobo sokukhusela okanye kwipesenti ethile yendawo yohambo evumela ukutshaja.
• Ukongezwa kwemfuno yokuba kwisiphumo sovavanyo lwe-overcharge, i-volatge ephezulu yokutshaja elinganiswe kwiiseli ayiyi kudlula indawo yabo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo.

intlawulo ephezulu

• Ukongezwa koVavanyo lweRhafu ePhakamileyo (iimfuno zovavanyo ezifanayo njenge-UL 1973);
• Ukulibaziseka kwe-BMS kukwaqwalaselwa kwisiphumo sovavanyo: Umsinga wokutshaja kakhulu unokugqitha ubuninzi bokutshaja bangoku ngexesha elifutshane (ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa) elingaphakathi kwexesha lokulibaziseka lokubhaqwa kwe-BMS.

Intambo emfutshane

• Ukuphelisa imfuno yokuba isixhobo sokukhusela kwisiphaluka sisebenza, uvavanyo luphinda luphindwe kwi-90% yendawo yokuhamba yesixhobo sokukhusela okanye kwipesenti ethile yohambo oluvumela ukutshaja ubuncinci be-10 min.

Oi-verloadNgaphantsiUkukhutshwaTEst

• Ukongezwa komthwalo ogqithisileyo phantsi kovavanyo lokukhupha (iimfuno zovavanyo ziyafana ne-UL 1973)

Ukukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo

• Ukongezwa kwemfuno yokuba i-voltage yeeseli iya kulinganiswa ngexesha lovavanyo.
• Ukongezwa kwemfuno yokuba ngenxa yovavanyo olugqithisiweyo, ubuncinci bokukhutshwa kombane olinganiswe kwiiseli aziyi kudlula uluhlu lwazo oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza.

Uvavanyo loBubushushu (ukunyuka kobushushu)

• Ukongezwa kwemfuno yokuba ukuba ubuninzi beeparamitha zokutshaja ziyahluka ngokweqondo lobushushu, imbalelwano phakathi kweeparamitha zokutshaja kunye nobushushu iya kucaciswa ngokucacileyo kwimiyalelo yokutshaja kwaye i-DUT iya kuhlawuliswa phantsi kwezona parameters zokutshaja ziqatha.
• Guqula imfuno ye-pre-condition. Imijikelo yentlawulo kunye nokukhupha iphinda iphindwe ubuncinci bemijikelo emi-2 epheleleyo yentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa, de intlawulo elandelelanayo kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha ayiqhubeki nokunyusa ubushushu beseli obukhulu ngaphezu kwe-2 °C. kuguqulelo oludala)
• Ukongezwa kwemfuno yokuba ukukhuselwa kwe-thermal kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ezigqithisileyo aziyi kusebenza.

Grounding Continuity Test

Ukongezwa koVavanyo lokuQhuba lokuGrounding (iimfuno zovavanyo ziyafana ne-UL 2580)

UVavanyo lokuNyamezelwa koYilo lweSeli enye

Iibhetri zeSekondari ze-lithium ezinamandla alinganisiweyo angaphezu kwe-1kWh ziya kufakwa kuVavanyo lokuNyamezelwa koYilo lweSingle ye-UL/ULC 2580).

Isishwankatheloy

Inguqu entsha ye-UL 2271 ikhansela izithuthuthu zombane kwimveliso yombane (izithuthuthu zombane ziya kufakwa kwi-scope ye-UL 2580) kwaye yongeza i-drones; ngokuphuhliswa kweebhetri ze-sodium-ion, ii-LEV ezininzi zizisebenzisa njengamandla ombane. Iimfuno zeeseli ze-sodium-ion zongezwa kumgangatho wenguqulelo entsha. Ngokumalunga novavanyo, iinkcukacha zovavanyo nazo ziphuculwe kwaye ingqwalasela engaphezulu ihlawulwe kukhuseleko lweseli. I-Thermal Runaway yongezwe kwiibhetri ezinkulu.

Ngaphambili, isiXeko saseNew York sasigunyazise ukuba iibhetri zeebhayisekile zombane, ii-scooters zombane, kunye nezithuthi zombane ezilula (LEV) kufuneka zihambelane ne-UL 2271. Olu hlaziyo olusemgangathweni lukwalawula ngokubanzi ukhuseleko lwebhetri yeebhayisekile zombane kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ukuba iinkampani zifuna ukungena ngempumelelo kwimarike yaseMntla Melika, kufuneka ziqonde kwaye zihlangabezane neemfuno zemigangatho emitsha ngexesha elifanelekileyo.