Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni

Imvelaphi kunye nenkqubo yeEU's “Ummiselo omtsha webhetri”

Ulawulo lwe-EU kwiibhetri kunye neebhetri zeNkunkuma,ekwabizwa ngokuba yiEU's New Battery Regulation, yacetywa yi-EU ngoDisemba 2020 ukuba itshitshise ngokuthe ngcembe i-Directive 2006 / 66 / EC, ukulungisa i-Regulation (EU) No 2019 / 1020, kunye nokuhlaziya umthetho webhetri we-EU.

Ibhetri Directive yangoku (2006/66/EC), epapashwe ngo-2006, ikakhulu ibeka imida kwixabiso elinciphisa kunye nokumakishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi (i-mercury, i-cadmium kunye nelothe) equlethwe kwiibhetri ezibekwe kwimarike ye-EU, kodwa ayicacisi enye intsebenzo. izikhombisi kwinqanaba lokuvelisa ibhetri, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona. IUmmiselo omtsha webhetri yenza le ntsilelo, iphakamisa uluhlu lweemfuno ezizinzileyo, ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zikhuselekile iibhetri, kubandakanywa nemithetho ye-carbon footprint, ubuncinane bomxholo wokuhlaziya, imigangatho yokusebenza kunye nokuqina, njalo njalo. Ukongezwa kwekhabhoni yonyawo kwesi sihlomelo solawulo lwebhetri kutsale umdla okhethekileyo kubavelisi. Kutshanje, i-MCM ifumene inani elikhulu lemibuzo enxulumene noku, ngoko ke sihlela kwaye sihlalutye umxholo kunye neemfuno zekhabhoni yonyawo apha kwireferensi yakho.

Iimfuno ze-carbon footprint 

Isahluko sesi-7 seUmmiselo omtsha webhetri imalunga neemfuneko zekhabhoni yeebhetri zeemoto zombane, iimoto ezilula kunye neebhetri zamashishini. Iibhetri zezithuthi zombane kunye neebhetri zemizi-mveliso ezinokutshajwa ezinomthamo ongaphezulu kwe-2kWh kufuneka zikhatshwe ngamaxwebhu obugcisa. Imodeli nganye yebhetri kunye nebhetshi nganye yesityalo sokuvelisa kufuneka ibe nengxelo yekhabhoni, kuquka:

(a) Ulwazi malunga nomenzi;

(b) Amaxwebhu ohlobo lwebhetri esisebenza kulo isibhengezo;

(c) Ulwazi malunga nendawo yeendawo zokuvelisa iibhetri;

(d) Indawo yekhabhoni yomjikelo wobomi bebhetri iikhilogram zeCO₂ ilingana

(e) Indawo yekhabhoni yebhetri kwinqanaba ngalinye lomjikelo wobomi bayo;

(f) Inombolo yesazisi yebhetri ye-EU isibhengezo sokuthotyelwa

Indlela yokubala yonyawo lwekhabhoni

Iindlela zokubala ze carbon footprint zinikwe kwiSihlomelo II seUmmiselo omtsha webhetri. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu:

1) IMveliso yeMveliso yokusiNgqongileyo (PEF)

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013H0179&from=EN

2) IMithetho yodidi lweMveliso yokusiNgqongileyo (PEFCRs)

https://green-business.ec.europa.eu/environmental-footprint-methods_en

3) Izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nenkqubela phambili yobugcisa kwinkalo yovavanyo lomjikelo wobomi

NONE

Ukubalwa komjikelezo wobomi bekhabhoni kufuneka kusekelwe kwibhili yezixhobo, amandla kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa uhlobo oluthile lwebhetri kwisityalo esithile. Ngokukodwa, izixhobo ze-elektroniki (ezifana neeyunithi zokulawula ibhetri, iiyunithi zokhuseleko) kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode zinegalelo elikhulu kwi-carbon footprint yeebhetri. Ingxelo ye-carbon footprint kufuneka ibe yohlobo lwebhetri eveliswe kwindawo ethile yokuvelisa. Utshintsho kuluhlu lwemathiriyeli okanye umxube wamandla osetyenzisiweyo lufuna ubalo olutsha lwekhabhoni yemodeli yebhetri.

Umlinganiselo wokusebenza kwekhabhoni

Ngokusekwe kunikezelo lwexabiso lekhabhoni elibhengezwe kwixabiso lebhetri kwimarike, ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwekhabhoni kuya kumiselwa ukufezekisa ukwahlulwa kwemarike. Udidi A lolona didi luneyona mpembelelo isezantsi yekhabhoni yomjikelo wobomi. IKomishoni iya kumisela umyinge wobomi bomjikelo wekhabhoni ubuninzi beebhetri zemizi-mveliso ezinomthamo ongaphezulu kwe-2kWh ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza. Ngelo xesha, iibhetri ezingaphaya komlinganiselo wekhabhoni zisenokungathunyelwa ngaphandle kwi-EU.

Umhla wokuphunyezwa kwekhabhoni

²Ukususela ngomhla woku-1 kuJulayi, i-2024, iibhetri zezithuthi zombane, iibhetri zezithuthi ezikhaphukhaphu kunye neebhetri zemizi-mveliso ziya kufuneka ukuba zibhengeze iinyawo zazo zekhabhoni;

²Ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2025, iibhetri zemoto zombane, iibhetri zezithuthi ezilula kunye neebhetri zamashishini ziya kufuna ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwekhabhoni;

(IKhomishini yaseYurophu iya kupapasha indlela yokukala nge-31 kaDisemba 2024)

²Ukususela ngomhla woku-1 kuJulayi, i-2027, iibhetri zezithuthi zombane, iibhetri zezithuthi ezikhaphukhaphu kunye neebhetri zemizi-mveliso ezinamandla angaphezu kwe-2kWh ziya kufuneka zibe neyona ndlela iphezulu yobomi bomjikelo wekhabhoni.

(IKhomishini yaseYurophu iya kukhupha i-carbon footprint threshold ngo-Julayi 1, 2025)

Ixabiso lekhabhoni

Intshayelelo emfutshane

Indlela yoLungiso lweCarbon Border(CBAM) ngumrhumo okhethekileyo wokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside kwiimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, eyaziwa ngokuba yirhafu yohlengahlengiso lwekhabhoni. Kwi-2021, ukwenzela ukufezekisa injongo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni nge-55% ngo-2030, i-EU yazisa.Ilungele i55, uthotho lwemithetho eyilwayo ebandakanya iintlawulo zekhabhoni.

Ubungakanani besicelo

I-CBAM igubungela amasimi ensimbi, i-samente, isichumisi, i-aluminium kunye nombane, iikhemikhali (i-hydrogen, i-ammonia, i-ammonia yamanzi) kunye neepolymers (imveliso yeplastiki). Amanye amazwe okanye imimandla ikhululwe kwiirhafu ezifanelekileyo, ngakumbi kubandakanywa amazwe angengawo e-EU okanye imimandla ethe yajoyina inkqubo yokurhweba ngokukhutshwa kwe-EU, okanye amazwe kunye nemimandla eye yaqaphela ngokufanayo inkqubo yokurhweba ngokukhutshwa kwe-EU, kodwa ngaphandle kweTshayina.

Umxholo werhafu

Umxholo werhafu we-CBM ngumrhwebi ongenisa impahla ngaphandle kwi-EU.Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka babhalise kugunyaziwe wolawulo we-EU CBAM kwaye banokungenisa iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kuphela emva kokuvunywa. Oku kulandelayo yifomula yokubala iindleko:

Imirhumo ye-CBAM = ixabiso lekhabhoni ngeyunithi (EUR/ton) x ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni (itoni)

Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni (iitoni)=cUbungakanani bokukhutshwa kwearbon × ubungakanani bemveliso (iitoni)

Ixesha lotshintsho

I-CBAM izakuqala ukusebenza ngolingo kweyeDwarha kulo nyaka. Ixesha elisusela kwi-2023 ukuya kwi-2026 liya kuba linqanaba lexesha lovavanyo lwenguqu ye-CBM. Ngexesha lenguqu, abarhwebi be-EU baya kufuna kuphela ukungenisa idatha yokukhutshwa kwekota (ulwazi malunga nomthamo opheleleyo wemveliso ephuma kumazwe angaphandle kwikota, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokungathanga ngqo kwemveliso ephuma kumazwe angaphandle, iindleko zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ezihlawulwe yimveliso evela kumazwe angaphandle kwilizwe lemvelaphi; njl.njl.) kwaye akusayi kufuneka ukuba uhlawule iirhafu zekhabhoni kwiimveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle. Ukususela kwi-2027 ukuya phambili, abathumeli be-EU baya kufuneka ukuba bangenise inani elihambelanayo leempawu ze-elektroniki ze-CBAM, oko kukuthi, iintlawulo zekhabhoni ziya kumiselwa.

Amanqaku: 1. Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo: Ukukhutshwa kwemveliso ngexesha lemveliso phantsi kolawulo oluthe ngqo lomvelisi.

2. Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni engathanga ngqo: Ukukhutshwa okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kombane ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemveliso.

I-EU CBAM isebenzisa indlela yonke yomjikelo wobomi ukulinganisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Ukuba ishishini alikwazi ukubala ngokuchanekileyo, ubungakanani bekhabhoni obungagqibekanga bokukhutshwa yi-avareji yamandla okukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yeyona ndlela iphantsi yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni (ezantsi kwe-10%)amashishini ukuvelisa uhlobo olufanayo lweemveliso kwilizwe elithumela ngaphandle. Ukuba inkampani ayiboneleli ngedatha malunga nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, i-avareji ye-carbon intensity ye-carbon emission performances ephantsi (ezantsi kwe-5%) yamashishini avelisa uhlobo olufanayo lweemveliso kwi-EU iya kusetyenziswa.

Ukuqukumbela

I-carbon footprint ihamba kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bebhetri, ebandakanya izinto eziluhlaza, imveliso, ikhonkco lokubonelela, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona. Ii-EU'sUmmiselo omtsha webhetri kunye neentlawulo zekhabhoni zinika ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni yeemveliso, kwaye zenze iimfuno ezingqongqo kunye nezicacileyo zokubhengezwa kwe-carbon footprint yebhetri, ukulinganisa ukusebenza kunye nemigangatho, kunye nezinto ezihlaziyiweyo. Okwangoku, imboni yebhetri yaseTshayina ayinayo imigangatho ye-carbon footprint accounting evuthiweyo kunye neendlela, kwaye idatha ye-carbon footprint yebhetri ayinanto. Nokuba kukubhengezwa kwedatha ye-carbon footprint yokuqala, okanye i-carbon footprint rating rating kunye nemithetho ye-threshold iya kuzisa imingeni enkulu kwixabiso lentengiso yemveliso kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngoku kukho iinkampani zebhetri zasekhaya ziphehlelele iimveliso zero-carbon, iivenkile zero-carbon, iifektri zero-carbon. Ezinye iinkampani nazo kufuneka ziqonde kwangexesha kwaye zihlangabezane neemfuno zemigaqo ye-EU ngokukhawuleza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweebhetri nezinye iimveliso kwi-EU kuthobela imimiselo.

Kwinyanga ezayo iza kukuzisa ingcaciso yezinto eziphinda zisetyenziswe ebhetri kwiSahluko sesi-8 se-EU's Ummiselo omtsha webhetri: iibhetri eziphathekayo, iibhetri zothutho olulula, iibhetri zamashishini, iibhetri zemoto zombane kunye neebhetri zemoto.