Yintoni i-European Green Deal?

Yaziswa yiKhomishini yaseYurophu ngoDisemba ka-2019, iEuropean Green Deal ijonge ukuseta i-EU kwindlela eya kwinguqu eluhlaza kwaye ekugqibeleni.impumeleloveukungathathi hlangothi kwemozulu ngo-2050.

I-European Green Deal yiphakheji yamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo ukusuka kwimozulu, indalo, amandla, ukuthutha, ishishini, ezolimo, ukuya kwimali ezinzileyo. Injongo yalo kukuguqula i-EU ibe yinkqubela phambili, yanamhlanje kunye noqoqosho olukhuphisanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imigaqo-nkqubo echaphazelekayo ifaka isandla kwinjongo yokugqibela yokungathathi hlangothi kwemozulu.

Ngawaphi amaphulo aqukwa yiDili kaRhulumente?

—-Ilungele i55

Iphakheji ye-Fit for 55 ijolise ekwenzeni injongo ye-Green Deal ibe ngumthetho, ebonisa ukunciphisa ubuncinane be-55% yokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse nge-2030.TheIphakheji ineseti yeziphakamiso zomthetho kunye nezilungiso kwimithetho ekhoyo ye-EU, eyenzelwe ukunceda i-EU ukuba inciphise ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokufezekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwemozulu.

—-ISicwangciso sokuSebenza seSetyhula kuQoqosho

Ngomhla we-11 kuMatshi ka-2020, iKomishoni yaseYurophu yapapasha "iSicwangciso sokuSebenza seSetyhula eNtsha yoQoqosho kunye noKhuphiswano lwaseYurophu", esebenza njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwi-European Green Deal, edityanelwe ngokusondeleyo neSicwangciso soShishino lwaseYurophu.

ISicwangciso soMsebenzi sichaza iingongoma zentshukumo ezingundoqo ezingama-35, kunye nesakhelo somgaqo-nkqubo wemveliso ozinzileyo njengophawu lwaso olusembindini, oluquka uyilo lwemveliso, iinkqubo zemveliso, kunye namanyathelo axhobisa abathengi kunye nabathengi bakawonke-wonke. Amanyathelo ogxininiso aya kujolisa kumakhonkco exabiso abalulekileyo emveliso afana ne-electronics ne-ICT, iibhetri nezithuthi, ukupakishwa, iiplastiki, amalaphu, ulwakhiwo nezakhiwo, kwakunye nokutya, amanzi kunye nezondlo. Uhlaziyo lomgaqo-nkqubo wenkunkuma nalo lulindelwe. Ngokukodwa, iSicwangciso soMsebenzi siquka iindawo ezine eziphambili:

• Isetyhula kwiMveliso eZinzileyo yoBomi boBomi
• Ukuxhobisa abathengi
• UkuJonga aMashishini aPhambili
• Ukunciphisa iNkunkuma

Isetyhula kuPhuhliso kunye neMveliso yeeMveliso eziZinzileyo

Lo mba wenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zomelele kwaye kulula ukuzilungisa, zixhobisa abathengi ukuba benze ukhetho oluzinzileyo.

Euphawu lwekhowudi

Ukusukela ngo-2009, uMyalelo we-Ecodesign uye wabeka phantsi iimfuno zokonga amandla eziquka iimveliso ezahlukeneyo (umz. iikhompyutha, iifriji, iimpompo zamanzi).Ngomhla wama-27 kuMeyi 2024, iBhunga lamkele iimfuno ezintsha ze-ecodesign kwiimveliso ezizinzileyo.

Imithetho emitsha ijonge:

² Misela iimfuno zokuzinza kokusingqongileyo phantse kuzo zonke iimpahla ezibekwe kwimarike ye-EU

² Yila iincwadana zokundwendwela zemveliso yedijithali ezibonelela ngolwazi ngokugcinakala kokusingqongileyo kweemveliso

² Yalela ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto ezithile zabathengi (amalaphu nezihlangu)

²

RbusukuukuLungisa

I-EU ifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi banokufuna ukulungiswa endaweni yokutshintshwa ukuba imveliso yonakele okanye ineziphene. Imithetho emitsha efanayo yacetywa ngoMatshi ka-2023 ukuze kulungiswe ukulahlwa kwangaphambi kwexesha kwempahla enokulungiswa.

Ngomhla wama-30 kuMeyi, 2024, iBhunga lamkele uMyalelo weLungelo lokuLungisa (R2R).Imixholo yayo ephambili ibandakanya:

² Abathengi banelungelo lokucela abavelisi ukuba balungise iimveliso ezinokulungiswa ngokobuchule phantsi komthetho we-EU (ezinje ngoomatshini bokuhlamba, izicoci okanye iiselfowuni).

² Iphepha lolwazi lokulungisa laseYurophu lasimahla

² Iqonga lenkonzo ye-intanethi edibanisa abathengi kunye nabasebenzi abalungisayo

² Ixesha letyala lomthengisi landiswa kangangeenyanga ezili-12 emva kokulungiswa kwemveliso

Lo mthetho mtsha uza kunciphisa inkcitho kwaye ukhuthaze iindlela zoshishino ezizinzileyo ngokukhuthaza abavelisi kunye nabathengi ukuba bandise ubomi bemveliso yabo.

Isetyhula yenkqubo yokuvelisa

I-Industrial Emissions Directive ngowona mthetho uphambili we-EU ukujongana nongcoliseko lwemizi-mveliso.

I-EU isandula ukuhlaziya isikhokelo sokuxhasa ishishini kwiinzame zayo zokufikelela kwithagethi yongcoliseko lwe-EU ngo-2050, ingakumbi ngokuxhasa ubugcisa obujikelezayo bezoqoqosho notyalo-mali. NgoNovemba ka-2023, iBhunga le-EU kunye nePalamente yaseYurophu bafikelela kwisivumelwano sethutyana malunga nokuhlaziywa koMyalelo kwiingxoxo ezintathu. Umthetho omtsha wamkelwa liBhunga ngo-Epreli wama-2024.

Ukuxhobisa abathengi

I-EU ifuna ukuthintela iinkampani ekwenzeni amabango alahlekisayo malunga neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo kwiimveliso kunye neenkonzo zazo.

Ngomhla wama-20 kweyoMdumba 2024, iBhunga lamkele umyalelo ojolise ekomelezeni ilungelo labathengi kutshintsho lohlaza. Abathengi be-Eu baya:

² Ukufikelela kulwazi oluthembekileyo ukwenza ukhetho olululo olululo, kubandakanywa nokuphuma kwangethuba

² Ukhuseleko olungcono kumabango aluhlaza

² Ukuqonda ngcono ukulungiseka kwemveliso phambi kokuthenga

Lo myalelo ukwazisa ileyibhile efanayo equlethe ulwazi malunga neziqinisekiso zokuqina kwezorhwebo ezinikezelwe ngumenzi.

Kujongwe kumashishini angundoqo

Isicwangciso sokusebenza sigxile kwimimandla ethile edla ezona zibonelelo zininzi kwaye ibe namandla aphezulu okurisayikilishwa.

Itshaja

Isixhobo sombane kunye ne-elektroniki sesinye semithombo yenkunkuma ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-EU. Ke ngoko, iSicwangciso sokuSebenza seSetyhula kuQoqosho siphakamisa imilinganiselo yokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokuhlaziya izixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki. NgoNovemba ka-2022, i-EU yamkela iUniversal Charger Directive, eya kwenza i-USB Type-C yokutshaja izibuko ezinyanzelekileyo kuluhlu lwezixhobo zombane (iifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhonsoli zemidlalo yevidiyo, izitshixo ezingenazingcingo, iilaptops, njl.njl.).

Iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye nekhompyuter yethebhulethi

Imithetho emitsha ye-EU iya kwenza ukuba abathengi bathenge iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye neekhompyuter zethebhulethi ezinamandla ngakumbi, ezomeleleyo kwaye kulula ukuzilungisa kwimarike ye-EU kuba:

² Imithetho ye-Ecodesign ibeka ubuncinane beemfuno zokuqina kwebhetri, ubukho beendawo ezisecaleni, kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokusebenza.

² Imithetho yokuleyibheli yamandla igunyazisa ukuboniswa kolwazi malunga nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nobomi bebhetri, kunye namanqaku okulungisa

Ii-arhente ze-Eu zihlaziya imithetho malunga nenkunkuma yombane kunye nezixhobo zombane, kubandakanywa uluhlu lweemveliso ezifana neekhompyutha, iifriji kunye neepaneli ze-photovoltaic.

Ibhetri kunye nelahleko yebhetri

Ngo-2023, i-EU yamkela umthetho weebhetri ojolise ekudaleni uqoqosho lwesetyhula kwishishini ngokujolisa kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelo wobomi bebhetri, ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kulahla inkunkuma. Le ntshukumo ibalulekile, ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni izithuthi zombane.

Ukupakishwa

NgoNovemba ka-2022, iBhunga liphakamise izilungiso kwimithetho yokupakishwa kunye nokupakishwa kwenkunkuma. IKomishoni ifikelele kwisivumelwano sethutyana kunye nePalamente yaseYurophu ngoMatshi ka-2024.

Eminye yemilinganiselo ephambili yesindululo ibandakanya:

² Ukupakishwaukunciphisa inkunkumaekujoliswe kuko kwinqanaba leLizwe eliLungu

² Nciphisa ukupakishwa okugqithisileyo

² Ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye neenkqubo zokuncedisa

² Imbuyekezo yedipozithi enyanzelekileyo kwiibhotile zeplastiki kunye neetoti zealuminiyam

Iiplastiki

Ukususela ngo-2018, i-European Circular Economy Plastics Strategy ijolise ekuphuculeni ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ukupakishwa kweplastiki kwaye inikeze impendulo enamandla kwi-microplastics.

² Yenza ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma kube sinyanzelo kwiimveliso eziphambili

² Isakhelo somgaqo-nkqubo omtsha weplastiki esekwe kwibhayoloji, enokubola kunye necompostable ukucacisa apho ezi plastiki zinokuzisa iinzuzo zokwenyani zokusingqongileyo.

² Thatha amanyathelo okujongana nokukhululwa ngokungeyonjongo kwemicroplastics kwimo engqongileyo ukunciphisa inkunkuma yeplastiki

Iimpahla

ISicwangciso seKomishoni ye-EU seLuhlu oluZinzileyo kunye neSetyhula lujolise ekwenzeni impahla eyolukiweyo ihlale ixesha elide, ilungiseke, isebenziseke kwakhona kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona ngo-2030.

NgoJulayi 2023, iKomishoni yenza isindululo:

² Ukunika abavelisi uxanduva kubo bonke ubomi bomjikelo weemveliso ezilukiweyo ngokwandisa uxanduva lomvelisi

² Ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwengqokelela yamalaphu ehlukeneyo, ukuhlelwa, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye necandelo lokurisayikilisha, njengoko amaLungu aMazwe kufuneka aseke inkqubo eyahlukileyo yokuqokelela iimpahla zasendlini phambi komhla woku-1 kuJanuwari 2025.

² Sombulula ingxaki yokuthumela ngaphandle ngokungekho mthethweni inkunkuma yelaphu

IBhunga lisivavanya isindululo phantsi kwenkqubo eqhelekileyo yowiso-mthetho.

Imithetho ye-ecodesign yemveliso ezinzileyo kunye nemithetho yothutho lwenkunkuma nazo zilindeleke ukuba zincede ukuseka iimfuno zozinzo kwiimveliso ezilukiweyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwenkunkuma yelaphu kumazwe angaphandle.

Ciimveliso zomyalelo

NgoDisemba 2023, iBhunga kunye nePalamente bafikelela kwisivumelwano sethutyana malunga nezilungiso kumthetho weemveliso zokwakha ondululwe yiKomishoni. Imithetho emitsha yazisa iimfuno ezitsha zokuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zokwakha ziyilwe kwaye ziveliswa ukuba zihlale ixesha elide, zilungiswe lula, ziphinde zisetyenziswe kwaye kulula ukuphinda zenziwe.

Umvelisi kufuneka:

² Ukubonelela ngolwazi lokusingqongileyo malunga nomjikelo wobomi bemveliso

² Yila kwaye wenze iimveliso ngendlela elungiselela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukuvelisa ngokutsha kunye nokurisayikilisha.

² Izixhobo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ziyakhethwa

² Banike imiyalelo yokusebenzisa kunye nenkonzo yemveliso

Ukunciphisa inkunkuma

I-EU isebenza kuluhlu lwemilinganiselo yokuqinisa ngakumbi kunye nokuphumeza ngcono imithetho yenkunkuma ye-EU.

Iinjongo zokunciphisa inkunkuma

Umyalelo wesakhelo senkunkuma, usebenza ukusukela ngoJulayi ka-2020, umisela imithetho kumazwe angamalungu ukuba:

² Ngo-2025, nyusa izinga lokuphinda lisetyenziswe kunye nokurisayikilisha kwenkunkuma kamasipala ngama-55%

² Ukuqinisekisa ingqokelela eyohlukileyo yeempahla ezilukiweyo eziza kuphinda zisetyenziswe, ukulungiselela ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari ka-2025.

² Ukuqinisekisa ingqokelela eyohlukileyo yenkunkuma yendalo ephilayo ukuze iphinde isetyenziswe, ukulungiselela ukuphinda isetyenziswe kunye nokurisayikilishwa kwindawo eyimvelaphi ngowama-31 kuDisemba 2023.

² Ukuzuza usukelo oluthile lokuphinda usetyenziswe kwizinto zokupakisha ngo-2025 no-2030

Indawo engenatyhefu

Ukusukela ngo-2020, isicwangciso seekhemikhali se-EU sozinzo sijolise ekuncedeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikhemikhali zikhuselekile kuzo zombini impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.

² Ngomhla wama-24 ku-Okthobha 2022, phantsi kwesicwangciso sokusebenza soqoqosho sesetyhula, i-EU yamkele uhlaziyo lommiselo.kwizingcolisi eziphilayo ezizingisileyo(PoPs), imichiza eyingozi enokufunyanwa kwinkunkuma evela kwimveliso yabathengi (umz. amalaphu angangeni manzi, iiplastiki, kunye nezixhobo zombane).

Imigaqo emitsha ijolise ekuukunciphisa amaxabiso umda wokuxinanaubukho beePoPs kwinkunkuma, ebaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho olujikelezayo, apho inkunkuma iya kusetyenziswa ngokunyukayo njengemathiriyeli ekrwada yesibini.

² NgoJuni 2023, iBhunga lamkele isikhundla salo sothethathethwano kuhlaziyo lokuhlelwa, ukuleyibhile kunye nokupakishwa kolawulo lweekhemikhali olundululwe yiKomishoni. Amanyathelo acetywayo aquka imithetho ethile yeemveliso zekhemikhali ezinokuzaliswa kwakhona eziza kunceda ukunciphisa inkunkuma yokupakisha.

Imathiriyeli ekrwada yesibini

IBhunga lamkele umthetho wezinto ezisetyenziswayo ezibalulekileyo, ojolise ekomelezeni zonke izigaba zekhonkco lexabiso lemathiriyeli ekrwada yaseYurophu kuquka nokuphucula ukujikeleza nokurisayikilishwa.

IBhunga le-EU kunye nePalamente bafikelele kwisivumelwano sethutyana malunga nomthetho ngoNovemba ka-2023. Imithetho emitsha yamisela injongo yobuncinci ye-25% ye-EU yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zonyaka ezivela kwi-recycling yasekhaya.

Ukuthunyelwa kwenkunkuma

IBhunga kunye nabaxoxisana bePalamente yaseYurophu bafikelele kwisivumelwano sezopolitiko sexeshana sokuhlaziya umgaqo wokuthunyelwa kwenkunkuma ngoNovemba 2023. Imithetho yamkelwa ngokusesikweni liBhunga ngoMatshi 2024. Kukulawula ngcono urhwebo kwinkunkuma ngaphakathi kwe-EU kunye nokungabikho. -Amazwe e-EU.

² Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwenkunkuma kumazwe angaphandle akonakalisi okusingqongileyo nempilo yabantu

² Ukujongana nokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngokungekho mthethweni

Ummiselo ujolise ekunciphiseni ukuthunyelwa kwenkunkuma eyingxaki ukuya ngaphandle kwe-EU, ukuhlaziya iinkqubo zokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukubonisa iinjongo zoqoqosho lwesetyhula, kunye nokuphucula ukunyanzeliswa. Ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma kwi-EU.

Isishwankathelo

I-EU iphakamise uluhlu lwamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo, njengomthetho omtsha webhetri, imimiselo ye-eco-design, ilungelo lokulungisa (R2R), i-universal charger directive, njl., ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kweemveliso, kujoliswe ekuqaliseni indlela. yenguqu yohlaza kunye nokufezekisa injongo yokungathathi hlangothi kwemozulu ngo-2050. Imigaqo-nkqubo yoqoqosho lohlaza ye-EU inxulumene ngokusondeleyo neenkampani zemveliso. Iinkampani ezifanelekileyo ezineemfuno zokungenisa elizweni ezivela kwi-EU kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo kutshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo we-EU ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye zenze uhlengahlengiso.