Ngaphambi kuka-2000, iJapan yayikwindawo ephambili kwimakethi yebhetri yehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkulungwane yama-21, amashishini ebhetri aseTshayina naseKorea anyuke ngokukhawuleza ngezibonelelo zexabiso eliphantsi, enza impembelelo enamandla eJapan, kwaye isabelo semarike yehlabathi soshishino lweebhetri zaseJapan saqala ukwehla. Ngokujongana nenyaniso yokuba ukhuphiswano lweshishini lebhetri laseJapan liye lisiba buthathaka ngokuthe ngcembe, urhulumente waseJapan wakhupha izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo amaxesha amaninzi ukukhuthaza uphuhliso loshishino lweebhetri.

• Ngo-2012, iJapan yakhupha iQhinga leBattery, imisela injongo yobuchule yesabelo semalike yelizwe laseJapan sifikelele kuma-50% ngo-2020.
• Kwi-2014, i-Auto Industry Strategy 2014 yabhengezwa ukuba icacise indawo ebalulekileyo yebhetri ekuphuhliseni izithuthi zombane.
• Ngo-2018, i-"Fifth Energy Basic Plan" yakhululwa, igxininisa ukubaluleka kweebhetri ekwakhiweni kweenkqubo zamandla "ze-decarbonization".
• Kwinguqulelo entsha ye-2050 ye-Carbon Neutralization Green Growth Strategy ngo-2021, ibhetri kunye neshishini lemoto zidweliswe njengenye ye-14 ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lwamashishini.

Ngo-Agasti ka-2022, uMphathiswa wezoQoqosho, uRhwebo kunye noShishino (METI) ukhuphe inguqulelo entsha yeSicwangciso soShishino lweBattery, esishwankathela amava ophuhliso kunye nezifundo kushishino lwebhetri yaseJapan ukusukela ekuphunyezweni kweSicwangciso seBattery ngo-2012, kwaye kucwangciswe imithetho ecacileyo yokuphunyezwa kunye imephu yendlela yobugcisa.

Isabelo semarike yeebhetri zamandla zamashishini aseJapan sehlile.

Inkxaso yemali yeebhetri kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Oorhulumente bamazwe amakhulu baphumeze inkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo emikhulu yeebhetri. Ukongeza, iYurophu kunye ne-United States zikhuthaze ukubonelela ngeebhetri ezizinzileyo ngokuthintelwa kunye nemilinganiselo yerhafu.

US

• Uphononongo lwe-100 yeentsuku ze-lithium yokubonelela ngebhetri;
• ¡ US$2.8 yeebhiliyoni zokuxhasa ukwenziwa kweebhetri zasekhaya kunye nemveliso yezimbiwa;
• Iimveliso ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu wemathiriyeli yebhetri kunye nezixhobo ezithengwe kuMntla Melika okanye kumazwe ekhontraktha ye-FTA ziya kuxhomekeka kunyango olukhethekileyo lwe-EV yerhafu, ekukhanyeni koMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

IYurophu

• Ukusekwa kwe-European Battery Alliance (EBA) ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweenkampani ze-500;
• Ibhetri, inkxaso yemali yomzi-mveliso wezinto eziphathekayo kunye nenkxaso yophuhliso lobugcisa;
• Imida yeCarbon footprint, uhlolo lwezimbiwa olunoxanduva, kunye nezithintelo kwizinto zokuphinda zisetyenziswe phantsi kwe-(EU)2023/1542.

Khoriya eseMzantsi

• 'IQhinga loPhuhliso lweBattery ye-K': inkuthazo yerhafu, umnyinyiva kwirhafu yotyalo-mali

eTshayina

• Inkuthazo yemoto entsha yamandla;
• Inkxaso yeefektri zebhetri kunye nokunciphisa irhafu yengeniso (ukusuka kwi-25 ipesenti ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini) kwiinkampani ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile.

Ukucinga ngemigaqo-nkqubo yangaphambili

• Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku umgaqo-nkqubo webhetri kunye nesicwangciso esiphambili kukugxila kutyalo-mali kulo lonke uphuhliso lweteknoloji yebhetri eqinileyo.
• Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenkxaso eqinile yoorhulumente, amashishini aseTshayina naseKorea abambe iJapan kwi-teknoloji ye-lithium-ion battery (LiB) ye-lithium-ion, ngakumbi kwinkalo yeendleko, eziye zadlula iJapan kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukhuphiswano lotyalo-mali lwenkunzi kunye nolwabucala kwihlabathi, kubandakanywa iYurophu neMelika, luya lusiba lubi kakhulu. Nangona inkqubela yenziwe ekuphuhliseni itekhnoloji yeebhetri ezizii-solid-state zonke, kusekho iingxaki eziza kusonjululwa kwixesha elizayo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba imarike ye-LiB engamanzi iya kuqhubeka ixesha elithile.
• Iinkampani zaseJapan zijolise kuphela kwimarike yasekhaya, zingacingi ngokupheleleyo ukuphuhliswa kweemarike zehlabathi. Ngale ndlela, phambi kokuba kusetyenziswe iibhetri eziziimo zonke, iinkampani zaseJapan ziya kuphelelwa ngamandla kwaye zinokurhoxa kwintengiso.

Isicwangciso sonyuselo lwexesha elizayo

1. Yandisa kwaye usulungekise umgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya ukuseka umthamo wonyaka wokuvelisa waseJapan we-150GWh ngo-2030.

• I-Battery Industry Association (BAJ) iya kuphinda iqalise uluhlu lwentsebenziswano kunye nemibutho efana neJapan Electrical Industries Association (JEMA), ejolise ekunciphiseni iindleko kunye nokwandisa ixabiso elongezelelweyo lomkhiqizo, kunye nokukhuthaza uphando lokudibanisa inkqubo yebhetri.
• UMbutho wokuNikezela ngeBattery waseJapan (i-BASC) uza kulandelela inkqubela yamva nje yotyalo-mali lweshishini kwiinkampani ezingamalungu, ukuze kukhuthazwe urhulumente kunye necandelo labucala ukuba liqinise ngokudibeneyo utyalo-mali kwisiseko sokwenziwa kweebhetri zasekhaya kunye nemathiriyeli.
• Ukudala iinzuzo ezintsha kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa ibhetri egqibeleleyo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa eziphucukileyo ngokukhuthaza inguqu yedijithali (DX) kunye nenguqu eluhlaza (GX)

1. Suyilo olucwangcisiweyo lomanyano lwehlabathi kunye nemigangatho yehlabathi

• Iza kuqhuba iingxoxo ezisebenzayo kunye nentsebenziswano kunye namazwe amaninzi (imimandla) kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngeebhetri zehlabathi, uphando kunye nophuhliso, ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi, kunye nokuqulunqwa kwemithetho enxulumene nokugcinwa kwebhetri, kunye nokukhawulezisa ukusekwa kobudlelwane bobuchule behlabathi. Ukongeza, iBASC iqhuba iingxoxo kunye nentsebenziswano namaqela afanelekileyo phesheya kolwandle ngokwembono yentsebenziswano yesixokelelwano sonikezelo kunye nolungelelwaniso lwamaziko ehlabathi. Ukuqinisekisa ukubonelela kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto zetsimbi kwiibhetri, ukwakhiwa kwezisombululo zedijithali zebhetri kunye nezinye iziseko zorhwebo.
• Ukukhuthaza ukusekwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, njengeendlela zokubala zekhabhoni, ukunyamekela, iingxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe ngokuzinzileyo. Kwintlanganiso ye-IEC 63369 kwindlela yokubala i-CFP carbon footprint yebhetri ye-lithium, i-BAJ iya kuzinikela ekuphuhliseni imigangatho ebonisa amabango aseJapan.
• Emva kokwamkelwa okucetywayo kovavanyo olusisinyanzelo lwesekethe emfutshane kunye novavanyo olufanisiweyo lokutshisa (IEC 62619), i-BAJ iya kuqhubeka nokukhokela iingxoxo malunga nokubekwa emgangathweni wasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe wokhuseleko lwebhetri, ukusebenza, njl.
• I-BAJ iza kusebenzisana ne-NITE (iZiko loBugcisa lobuGcisa leSizwe laseJapan kuVavanyo lweMveliso) ukuhlola indlela yokuvavanya ukhuseleko nokusebenza kweebhetri. Ukongeza, i-JEMA iya kuphinda iphonononge unyuso lwamazwe ngamazwe lwezisombululo ezisebenzisa imithombo yamandla esasazwayo kubandakanya iibhetri ezenziwe eJapan.
• Uphuhliso lokusetyenziswa kwebhetri ngeenjongo ezintsha kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumeneyo. Umzekelo, amandla emarike yehlabathi yeenqanawa zombane, iinqwelomoya, oomatshini bezolimo, njl.njl. kunye nokuphonononga inkxaso yeebhetri zokufumana iimarike zaphesheya kunye nokukhuthaza ukungena kwamashishini amatsha. Ukongeza, ukunyuswa kweV2X ekhokelwa yiV2H (Imoto eya eKhaya) nayo iya kuxoxwa.

1. Qinisekisa izixhobo eziphuma phezulu

• Ukukhusela inkxaso kwizibonelelo zeenkampani (ukwandiswa kotyalo-mali kunye neminye imigaqo-nkqubo ephantsi, ukomeleza umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa amatyala (ukuphumla kweemeko zesiqinisekiso sokugqiba)). Ukomeleza intsebenziswano phakathi kwamashishini kunye neenkampani zabasebenzisi bebhetri, abavelisi, amaziko emali karhulumente, njl., kunye nokuphonononga izicwangciso zokwakha inkqubo yokuqinisekisa amalungelo kunye nezinto ezinomdla.
• Ukuze kuqinisekiswe amalungelo kunye nezinto ezinomdla, intsebenziswano kunye namazwe achaphazelekayo iya kuqiniswa ngokubamba iisemina zotyalo-mali kunye neentlanganiso ezidibeneyo zoluntu zabucala kunye namazwe anobutyebi (i-Australia, uMzantsi Melika, i-Afrika, njl. njl.) ukukhusela amalungelo aphezulu kunye nezinto ezinomdla.
• Ukukhuthaza ulungelelwaniso lwezimbiwa kumazwe ngamazwe. Rhoqo ngonyaka iBASC iya kwenza uphando lwemibuzo kunye neenkampani ezingamalungu njengenjongo yokulandela imeko yotyalo-mali yamva nje yolu shishino.

1. Ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe besizukulwana esitsha

• Ukukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso ngokusebenzisa intsebenziswano kushishino lwezemfundo-norhulumente. Ukomeleza inkxaso yophuhliso lobuchwephesha bebhetri yesizukulwana esilandelayo ngeGreen Innovation Fund, njl.njl. Ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lweebhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo kunye nezixhobo ezigxile kwiibhetri zelizwe lonke (kubandakanywa nophuhliso lwesiseko sovavanyo), kunye nophuhliso lobuchwephesha bokurisayikilisha. Malunga nowama-2030, jolise ekuqondeni usetyenziso olusebenzayo lweebhetri ezizii-solid-state, kunye neenzuzo zobugcisa kubuchwephesha obutsha bebhetri kubandakanya iibhetri ezintsha (i-halide, i-zinc anode ibhetri, njl.njl.)
• Ukuphucula uvavanyo lokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya ukhuseleko kwiibhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo, njl.
• Ukomeleza unxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo zophando kunye nophuhliso kunye nophuhliso lwabasebenzi kwiibhetri kunye neebhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo zibandakanyiwe.

1. Yenza imarike yasekhaya

• Ukukhuthaza ukusasazeka kwezithuthi zombane. Ngo-2035, i-100% yeemoto ezintsha zokuthengiswa kweemoto zombane ziya kuba zizithuthi zombane, kunye nokuxhasa ngenkuthalo ukuthengwa kunye nokuhlawuliswa kweziseko zokwakhiwa kwezithuthi zombane.
• Ukukhuthaza ukuthandwa kweebhetri zokugcina amandla, kwaye uzame ukuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa entsha
• usetyenziso lweebhetri, ukujonga iindawo ezintsha zosetyenziso, ukukhuthaza ngokupheleleyo ukwahlukahlukana kweemarike zemfuno, kunye nokuvuselela ngokupheleleyo amandla ophuhliso loshishino lweebhetri.
• Ngokumalunga nenkqubo yokugcina amandla edityaniswe nenkqubo yothungelwano lombane, kuqwalaselwe ukuba iya kuba yinxalenye yesiseko samandla ombane kwixesha elizayo, i-BAJ iya kusebenzisana namaqela afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokugcina nokhuseleko olufunekayo njengeziseko zoncedo zamandla ombane.

1. Yomeleza uqeqesho lwetalente

• Ukuseka "iZiko loQeqesho lweTalente yeBattery ye-Kansai" kwingingqi yaseKansai apho amashishini anxulumene nebhetri agxininiswe, kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlalutya eziphambili zeZiko leKansai kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa ibhetri ukuqhuba ukufundisa kwintsimi.

1. Ukomeleza ukwenziwa kweebhetri zasekhaya kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa

• Ukuseta injongo yenkqubo yasekhaya yokurisayikilisha ngaphambi kowama-2030, ukuqonda ngakumbi ukujikeleziswa kweebhetri ezichithiweyo, ukomeleza umthamo wokurisayikilishwa kweebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo, uPhononongo kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuqalisa imarike yebhetri esetyenzisiweyo kwakhona, kunye nokwakha isiseko sokurisayikilishwa. I-BASC iya kukhuthaza ukulungiswa komgangatho kunye neengxoxo kwimigangatho yebhetri ekulula ukuyisebenzisa, njl.
• Ukukhuthaza iingxoxo malunga nonikezelo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye neendlela zokusasazwa eziya kunceda ukuphucula ukukhuphisana kwezoshishino. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukubonelela ngendawo yokuvelisa imveliso yokuvelisa ibhetri (umhlaba ophantsi kunye nombane). Ukongezelela, iingxoxo malunga nezicwangciso zokunciphisa iindleko zombane zaseJapan ziya kukhuthazwa ngokulawula iindleko zamandla, njl.
• Uhlaziyo lwemigaqo efanelekileyo (uMthetho woKhuseleko loMlilo). I-BAJ ikwabandakanyeka kwizicwangciso zokuphinda kuxoxwe ngamagatya afanelekileyo omthetho wokhuseleko lomlilo, kubandakanywa: ① malunga nokwahlukahlukana kunye nomthamo omkhulu weentlobo zebhetri (umthamo 4800Ah, ukuhlaziya imigaqo yeyunithi); ②Malunga nokuphonononga okusekwe kwiimpawu zesixhobo sebhetri. (Ngenxa yokuba kukho iingozi zokhuseleko ezifana nomlilo weebhetri, uMthetho woKhuseleko loMlilo waseJapan uzijonga njengempahla eyingozi kwaye ulawula ngokungqongqo ukugcinwa kunye nokufakwa kweebhetri. Iibhetri ezisebenzayo ezilawulwa "nguMthetho woKhuseleko loMlilo" ziibhetri zemizi-mveliso ezinomthamo we-4800Ah. ilingana ne-17.76kWh) okanye ngaphezulu.
• Ukudityaniswa kwehardware kunye nesoftware enxibelelene nezixhobo zokuvelisa

IN SHWANKATHA

Uhlalutyo oluvela kwinguqulelo entsha yaseJapan “yeSicwangciso soShishino lwebhetri”

I-1) iJapan iya kuphinda igxininise imarike yebhetri ye-lithium-ion kwaye iqinise ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe lweebhetri kule miba mithathu ilandelayo: ukuzinza (i-Carbon footprint, i-recycling, ukhuseleko lwebhetri); Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali (imveliso kunye nophuhliso olukrelekrele, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IoT, iinkonzo ezinxulumene nebhetri, ubukrelekrele bokufakelwa) kunye nokuguqulwa kohlaza (uphuhliso lwebhetri yelizwe eliqinileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla).

I-2) I-Japan iya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa iinzame zayo kwintsimi yeebhetri ze-slid-state kunye nezicwangciso zokuvelisa ubuninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri zombuso oqinileyo kwi-2030.

3) Ukukhuthaza ukuthandwa kwezithuthi zombane kwimarike yasekhaya kunye nokuqonda ukufakelwa kombane kuzo zonke izithuthi.

4) Ukunika ingqalelo ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwebhetri, ukuqulunqa imigangatho yokubuyisela kwakhona, ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokuhlaziya, ukuphucula ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri, njl.

Ukusuka kulo mgaqo-nkqubo woshishino lwebhetri, kunokubonwa ukuba iJapan sele iqalile ukuqonda iimpazamo zomgaqo-nkqubo wabo wamandla kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngeli xesha, imigaqo-nkqubo esandul' ukuqulunqwa ihambelana kakhulu neendlela zophuhliso lweshishini, ngakumbi imigaqo-nkqubo yokurisayikilisha yeebhetri zelizwe lonke kunye nebhetri.