IKhomishini yaseYurophu iye yapapasha idrafti yeMimiselo emibini eThunyiweyo ehambelana ne-EU 2023 / 1542 (i-New Battery Regulation), eyona ndlela yokubala kunye neendlela zokubhengezwa kwe-carbon footprint yebhetri.

I-New Battery Regulation ibeka iimfuno ze-carbon footprint ye-life-cycle yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri, kodwa ukuphunyezwa okuthe ngqo akuzange kupapashwe ngelo xesha. Ukuphendula kwiimfuno zekhabhoni yeebhetri zemoto zombane eziza kuphunyezwa ngo-Agasti 2025, iibhilidi ezimbini zicacisa iindlela zokubala kunye nokuqinisekisa i-carbon footprint yabo yokuphila.

Imithetho esayilwayo emibini iya kuba nenyanga enye yezimvo kunye nexesha lempendulo ukusuka ku-Epreli 30, 2024 ukuya kuMeyi 28, 2024.

Iimfuno zokubala i-carbon footprint

Umthetho oyilwayo ucacisa imigaqo yokubala i-carbon footprints, ichaza iyunithi esebenzayo, umda wenkqubo, kunye nemithetho yokusika. Le jenali icacisa ikakhulu inkcazo yeyunithi esebenzayo kunye neemeko zemida yenkqubo.

Iyunithi esebenzayo

Ingcaciso:Isixa sisonke samandla esibonelelwa yibhetri kubomi benkonzo yebhetri (E_iyonke), ebonakaliswa nge-kWh.

Ifomula yokubala:

Apho

a)Umthamo wamandlaamandla asebenzisekayo ebhetri kwi-kWh ekuqaleni kobomi, oko kukuthi amandla akhoyo kumsebenzisi xa ekhupha ibhetri entsha egcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo de umda wokukhutshwa usetwe yinkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri..

b)FEqC ngonyaka linani eliqhelekileyo lemijikelo yokukhupha intlawulo elinganayo ngonyaka. Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri zezithuthi, ezi xabiso zilandelayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe.

c)Yiindlebe zokusebenzakumiselwa iwaranti yorhwebo ngokwemigaqo ilandelayo:

1. Ubude bewaranti kwibhetri kwiminyaka iyasebenza.
2. Ukuba akukho siqinisekiso esithile kwibhetri, kodwa iwaranti kwisithuthi apho ibhetri iya kusetyenziswa khona, okanye iinxalenye zesithuthi ezibandakanya ibhetri, ixesha lewaranti lisebenza.
3. Ngendlela yokuhlekwa kwamanqaku i) kunye nee-ii), ukuba ixesha lewaranti libonakaliswe kuyo yomibini iminyaka kunye neekhilomitha nokuba yeyiphi efikelelwe kuqala, elona nani lifutshane kwezimbini kwiminyaka liyasebenza. Ukulungiselela le njongo, umba woguqulo we-20.000 km olingana nonyaka omnye uya kusetyenziswa ukuze iibhetri zidityaniswe kwizithuthi ezisebenza ukukhanya; I-5.000 km elingana nonyaka omnye wokuba iibhetri zidityaniswe kwizithuthuthu; kunye ne-60.000 km elingana nonyaka omnye wokuba iibhetri zidityaniswe kwiimoto ezisebenza ngokuphakathi kunye nezo zisebenza nzima.
4. Ukuba ibhetri isetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezininzi kunye neziphumo zendlela ekuyo kwinqaku ii) kwaye, apho kufanelekileyo, iii) ziya kwahluka phakathi kwezo zithuthi, iwaranti enesiphumo esifutshane iyasebenza.
5. Kuphela ziwaranti ezinxulumene nomthamo wamandla oshiyekileyo wama-70% omthamo wamandla osebenzisekayo ebhetri kwi-kWh ekuqaleni kobomi okanye ngaphezulu kwexabiso layo lokuqala eziya kuthathelwa ingqalelo kumanqaku i) ukuya kwi-iv). Iziqinisekiso ezikhuphela ngaphandle ngokucacileyo naziphi na izinto eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwebhetri okanye ezithintela ukusetyenziswa okanye ugcino lwebhetri ngaphandle kweemeko ezingaphakathi kusetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lweebhetri aziyi kuthathelwa ngqalelo kumanqaku i) iv).
6. Ukuba akukho siqinisekiso okanye kuphela iwaranti engahambelaniyo neemfuno eziphantsi kwenqaku (v), inani leminyaka emihlanu liya kusetyenziswa, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko apho iwaranti ingasetyenziswa, njengalapho kungekho kudluliselwa kobunini ibhetri okanye isithuthi, apho umenzi webhetri uya kumisela inani leminyaka yokusebenza kwaye ayithethelele kuguqulelo lukawonke-wonke lophononongo lwekhabhoni.

Umda wenkqubo

(1) .Ukufunyanwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokulungiswa kwangaphambili

Esi sigaba somjikelo wobomi siquka yonke imisebenzi phambi kwenqanaba lemveliso ephambili, kubandakanya:

l Ukutsalwa kwemithombo evela kwindalo kunye nokulungiswa kwazo kwangaphambili de zisetyenziswe kumacandelo emveliso engena ngesango leziko lokuqala eliwela phantsi kwenqanaba lomjikelo wobomi bokuveliswa kwemveliso.

l Uthutho lwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye neemveliso eziphakathi ngaphakathi, phakathi naphakathi kokutsalwa kunye nokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwizibonelelo kude kube yindawo yokuqala ewela phantsi kwenqanaba lomjikelo wobomi bemveliso.

l Imveliso ye-cathode esebenzayo ye-precursors yezinto ezisebenzayo, i-anode esebenzayo ye-precursors, i-solvents yetyuwa ye-electrolyte, imibhobho kunye nolwelo lwe-thermal conditioning system.

(2) .Imveliso ephambili yemveliso

Eli nqanaba lomjikelo wobomi liquka ukwenziwa kwebhetri kubandakanywa nelo lawo onke amalungu aqulethwe ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ancanyathiselwe ngokusisigxina kwindlu yebhetri. Esi sigaba somjikelo wobomi siquka le misebenzi ilandelayo:

l Imveliso yezinto ezisebenzayo zeCathode;

l Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-Anode, kubandakanywa nokuveliswa kwe-ofgraphite kunye nekhabhoni enzima evela kubaphambili bayo;

l Ukuveliswa kwe-Anode kunye ne-cathode, kubandakanywa ukuxuba amacandelo e-inki, ukufakwa kwe-inki kubaqokeleli, ukomisa, ikhalenda, kunye nokuqhawula;

l Ukuveliswa kwe-Electrolyte, kubandakanywa nokuxuba ityuwa ye-electrolyte;

l Ukudibanisa indlu kunye nenkqubo yokulungisa i-thermal;

l Ukudibanisa amacandelo eseli kwiseli yebhetri, kubandakanywa ukupakisha / ukuvala i-electrode kunye ne-separator, ukudibanisa kwi-cell house okanye i-pouch, inaliti ye-electrolyte, ukuvala iseli, ukuvavanywa kunye nokwakhiwa kombane;

l Ukudibanisa iiseli kwiimodyuli / ipakethe kubandakanya izixhobo zombane / ze-elektroniki, izindlu, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanelekileyo;

l Ukudibanisa iimodyuli kunye nezixhobo zombane / ze-elektroniki, izindlu, kunye namanye amacandelo afanelekileyo kwibhetri egqityiweyo;

l Imisebenzi yothutho yeemveliso zokugqibela neziphakathi ukuya kwindawo apho zisetyenziswa khona;

(3).Usasazo

Esi sigaba somjikelo wobomi sigubungela ukuthuthwa kwebhetri ukusuka kwindawo yokuvelisa ibhetri ukuya kwindawo yokubeka ibhetri kwimarike. Imisebenzi yokugcina ayikhuselwanga.

(4) .Ukuphela kobomi kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe

Esi sigaba somjikelo wobomi siqala xa ibhetri okanye isithuthi apho ibhetri ifakwe khona ilahlwa okanye ilahlwe ngumsebenzisi kwaye iphele xa ibhetri echaphazelekayo ibuyiselwa kwindalo njengemveliso yenkunkuma okanye ingena kumjikelo wobomi benye imveliso njengegalelo elihlaziyiweyo. Esi sigaba somjikelo wobomi siquka ubuncinane le misebenzi ilandelayo:

l Ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma yebhetri;

l Ukuqhaqha ibhetri;

l Unyango lwe-Thermal okanye ngoomatshini, njengokugaya iibhetri zenkunkuma;

l Ukuhlaziywa kweeseli zebhetri ezifana ne-pyrometallurgical kunye nonyango lwe-hydrometallurgical;

l Ukwahlula kunye nokuguqulwa kwimathiriyeli ehlaziyiweyo, njengokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-aluminiyam ukusuka kwi-casing;

l Ibhodi yocingo eprintiweyo (PWB) yokwenziwa ngokutsha;

l Ukubuyiswa kwamandla kunye nokulahlwa.

Qaphela: Iimpembelelo zokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma yenkunkuma ukuya kwisikhululo senqwelo-mafutha, ukuthuthwa kweebhetri zenkunkuma ukusuka kwindawo yokuqhaqha isithuthi ukuya kwindawo yokuqhawula, yonyango lwangaphambili lweebhetri zenkunkuma, ezifana nokutsalwa kwisithuthi, ukukhupha. kunye nokuhlelwa, kunye nokuqhaqha ibhetri kunye nezinto zayo, azigqunywanga.

Oku kulandelayo akubandakanywanga nakwesiphi na inqanaba lomjikelo wobomi:ukwenziwa kwezinto ezinkulu, kubandakanywa izixhobo zokusebenza; ukuveliswa kwezinto zokupakisha; naliphi na icandelo, elifana nenkqubo ye-thermal conditioning, engabandakanywanga ngokwasemzimbeni okanye encanyathiselwe ngokusisigxina kwindlu; amagalelo ancedisayo kwizityalo zokuvelisa ezingahambelani ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ibhetri, kubandakanywa ukufudumeza kunye nokukhanyisa kwamagumbi eofisi ahambelanayo, iinkonzo zesibini, iinkqubo zokuthengisa, amasebe olawulo kunye nophando; ukudityaniswa kwebhetri ngaphakathi kwesithuthi.

Umgaqo wokunqunyulwa:Kumagalelo ezinto eziphathekayo ngokwecandelo ngalinye lenkqubo, igalelo kunye nesiphumo sokuqukuqela esingaphantsi kwe-1% ubunzima sinokungahoywa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ibhalansi yobunzima, ubunzima obulahlekileyo bufuna ukufakwa kwigalelo lokuhamba kwezinto ezinowona mnikelo uphakamileyo wekhabhoni kumacandelo enkqubo efanelekileyo.

Ukunqunyulwa kungasetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokufumana imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nenqanaba lomjikelo wobomi bangaphambi kokulungiswa kunye nakwinqanaba lomjikelo wobomi bokuveliswa kwemveliso.

Ukongeza koku kungasentla, idrafti ikwabandakanya iimfuno zokuqokelela idatha kunye neemfuno zomgangatho. Xa kubalwa i-carbon footprint igqityiwe, ulwazi olunentsingiselo malunga nokubala kwekhabhoni ye-carbon footprint nayo kufuneka inikezelwe kubathengi kunye nabanye abasebenzisi bokugqibela. Iya kucazululwa kwaye itolikwe ngokweenkcukacha kwijenali yexesha elizayo.

Iimfuno zesibhengezo sophawu lwekhabhoni

Ifomathi yesibhengezo sophawu lwekhabhoni kufuneka ibe njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo ungasentla, neziqulatho zilandelayo:

l Umenzi (kuquka igama, inombolo yesazisi sobhaliso okanye uphawu lwentengiso olubhalisiweyo)

l Imodeli yebhetri (ikhowudi yesazisi)

l Idilesi yomenzi webhetri

l Umjikelo wobomi bekhabhoni unyawo (【ubuninzi】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)

Inqanaba lomjikelo wobomi:

l Ukufunyanwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokulungiswa kwangaphambili (【isixa】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)

l Imveliso yemveliso engundoqo (【 isixa】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)

l Ulwabiwo (【 isixa】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)

l Ukuphela kobomi kunye nokurisayikilisha (【 isixa 】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)

l Inombolo yesazisi yesibhengezo se-EU sokuthotyelwa

l Ikhonkco lewebhu linika ufikelelo kuguqulelo lukawonke-wonke lwesifundo esixhasa amaxabiso ekhabhoni (naluphi na ulwazi olongezelelweyo)

Ukuqukumbela

Omabini amatyala asavulelekile ukuba kunikwe izimvo. IKhomishini yaseYurophu iye yaqaphela ukuba idrafti ayikamkelwa okanye yamkelwe. Uyilo lokuqala luluvo nje lokuqala lweenkonzo zeKhomishoni kwaye akufuneki nokuba nangayiphi na imeko ithathwe njengophawu lwesikhundla esisemthethweni seKhomishini.