Imvelaphi

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1990 ngenxa yomthamo wazo ophezulu wokubuyisela umva kunye nokuzinza komjikelo. Ngokunyuka okukhulu kwexabiso le-lithium kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno ye-lithium kunye namanye amacandelo asisiseko ebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ukunqongophala okunyukayo kwemathiriyeli ekrwada enyukayo yeebhetri ze-lithium kusinyanzela ukuba siphonononge iinkqubo ezintsha nezingabizi kakhulu ze-electrochemical ezisekwe kwizinto ezikhoyo ezininzi. . Iibhetri ze-sodium-ion zexabiso eliphantsi lolona khetho lungcono. Ibhetri yesodium yaphantse yafunyanwa kunye nebhetri ye-lithium-ion, kodwa ngenxa yeradiyasi enkulu ye-ion kunye nomthamo ophantsi, abantu bathambekele ngakumbi ekufundeni umbane we-lithium, kwaye uphando kwibhetri ye-sodium-ion iphantse yamiswa. Ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwezithuthi zombane kunye nemboni yokugcina amandla kwiminyaka yamuva nje, ibhetri ye-sodium-ion, ecetywayo ngexesha elifanayo nebhetri ye-lithium-ion, iphinde yatsala abantu.'s ingqalelo.

I-lithium, i-sodium kunye ne-potassium zonke zizinyithi ze-alkali kwi-periodic table yezinto. Zineempawu ezifanayo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kwaye zingasetyenziswa njengezinto zebhetri zesibini kwithiyori. Imithombo yesodium ityebile kakhulu, isasazwe ngokubanzi kwi-crust yomhlaba kwaye kulula ukuyikhupha. Njengendawo ye-lithium, i-sodium ihlawulwe ngakumbi nangakumbi kwintsimi yebhetri. Ibhetriumenzisgxadazelaukuqalisa indlela yetekhnoloji yebhetri ye-sodium-ion.Izimvo eziSikhokelo malunga nokuKhawulezisa uPhuhliso loGcino lwaMandla oMtsha, Isicwangciso seNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji yokuPhuma kwiNdawo yaMandla ngexesha le-14 leminyaka yesiCwangciso seXesha, kwayeIsiCwangciso sokuPhunyezwa soPhuhliso loGcino lwaMandla oMtsha ngeXesha le-14 leminyaka emihlanu yeSicwangcisoekhutshwe yiKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye noLawulo lweSizwe lwaMandla lukhankanyile ukuphuhlisa isizukulwana esitsha sokugcina ubugcisa bokugcina amandla obuphezulu obufana neebhetri ze-sodium-ion. UMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi (MIIT) naye ukhuthaze iibhetri ezintsha, ezifana neebhetri ze-sodium-ion, njenge-ballast yokuphuhliswa kweshishini elitsha lamandla. Imigangatho yoShishino lweebhetri zesodium-ion nazo zikwimisebenzi. Kulindeleke ukuba njengoko ishishini linyusa utyalo-mali, itekhnoloji ikhula kwaye ikhonkco leshishini liphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe, ibhetri ye-sodium-ion kunye nokusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu kulindeleke ukuba ithathe indawo yentengiso yebhetri ye-lithium-ion.

Ibhetri ye-sodium-ion ngokuchasene nebhetri ye-lithium-ion

• I-electrode yeCarbon negative yebhetri yesodium-ion inexabiso eliphantsi kunye nesithuba esikhulu sokuguqula kuneso segraphite.
• I-aluminium foil ingasetyenziselwa njengomqokeleli wangoku we-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative yeebhetri ze-sodium-ion. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zinesakhono esisezantsi esingalunganga kwaye kufuneka zisebenzise ifoyile yobhedu engonakalanga. Iibhetri ze-sodium-ion, kwelinye icala, zinamandla aphezulu angalunganga, ngoko ke azidibanisi nesodium. Ifoyile yeAluminiyam ingaphantsi kobunzima kwaye ixabisa kunefoyile yobhedu.
• Kwi-electrolyte, ukunyibilika kweNa⁺ imalunga ne-30% esezantsi kunaleyo kaLi⁺. Izinga lokuchithwa liphezulu, kwaye ukuchasana kokudluliselwa kwentlawulo kwi-electrode - i-electrolyte interface encinci, ebonelela nge-electrode dynamics engcono. Ngoko ke, izinga lokukhutshwa kwentlawulo ye-sodium-ion liphezulu kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye nokushisa okuphantsi, kwaye ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kuhle kakhulu, kwaye kunokuhlawuliswa ngokukhawuleza.
• Iibhetri ze-sodium-ion zinokhetho olubanzi lwezinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode. Phantse zonke izinto zetsimbi zenguqu kumqolo wokuqala wetafile yeperiodic zingasetyenziswa kwiibhetri zesodium. Oku kungenxa yomahluko omkhulu wobungakanani phakathi kweNa⁺ (i-radius 0.102nm) kunye nee-ion zetsimbi zenguqu (i-radius 0.05-0.07nm), ehambelana nokuhlukana kwazo.
• Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri ye-sodium-ion iphezulu kunebhetri ye-lithium-ion. Kwimeko yesiphaluka esifutshane, ukushisa ngokukhawuleza kuncinci, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuncinci kwaye ukushisa kwe-thermal kubalekile kuphezulu kunebhetri ye-lithium, ngoko ke ibhetri ye-sodium-ion ikhuselekile.
• I-radius enkulu ye-sodium-ion ingakhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwezinto eziphathekayo xa isuswe kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukusebenza kwekinetic yonke yebhetri kunye nokunyaniseka kwe-electrode.
• I-sodium inomgangatho ophezulu kakhulu we-electrode amandla (i-0.33V ephezulu kune-lithium), okubangela uxinano lwamandla aphantsi kwaye yenza kube nzima ukukhuphisana neebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwicandelo lamandla.

Inkqubela yophando yamva nje

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion zibandakanya izinto eziphambili ze-cobalt-free cathode kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion, ixabiso eliphantsi le-polyanionic sulfate ye-electrode efanelekileyo yeebhetri ze-sodium-ion, iikhompawundi ze-nano-pb ezisetyenziswa kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ye-sodium. iibhetri ze-ion, uphando olusisiseko kwizinto eziphilayo ze-anode kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion kwizicelo ezinokubakho zorhwebo, i-tin-based metal oxides kunye ne-sulfide esetyenziswa njengezinto ze-anode kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion, i-Nanoengineering yezinto eziphambili zekhabhoni kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion, kunye nokusetyenziswa. ye-Advanced in situ characterization kuphononongo lweebhetri zesodium-ion. Ngokubanzi, kuseyindawo yophando ukufumana izinto eziphezulu zokusebenza ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga ze-electrode ukusuka kwimiba yokuphucula iindlela zokuguqula, ukuphucula iindlela zokulungiselela kunye nokuhlola indlela yokugcina isodium ukuphucula ukukhuphisana ngokubanzi kweebhetri ze-sodium-ion.