Imvelaphi

Kwi-1800, i-physicist yaseNtaliyane u-A. Volta wakha imfumba ye-voltaic, eyavula ukuqala kweebhetri eziphathekayo kwaye yachaza okokuqala ukubaluleka kwe-electrolyte kwizixhobo zokugcina amandla e-electrochemical. I-electrolyte inokubonwa njenge-electronic insulating kunye ne-ion-conducting layer ngendlela yolwelo okanye eqinile, efakwe phakathi kwee-electrodes ezimbi kunye ezintle. Okwangoku, eyona electrolyte iphucukileyo yenziwa ngokunyibilikisa ityuwa yelithium eqinileyo (umz. LiPF6) kwisinyibilikisi esingenamanzi se-organic carbonate (umz. EC kunye neDMC). Ngokwefomu yeseli ngokubanzi kunye noyilo, i-electrolyte ithatha i-8% ukuya kwi-15% yobunzima beeseli. Intoni's ngakumbi, ukutsha kwayo kunye nomgangatho wobushushu obuphezulu wokusebenza we -10°C ukuya kuma-60°C ithintele kakhulu ukuphuculwa ngakumbi koxinzelelo lwamandla ebhetri kunye nokhuseleko. Ke ngoko, ukuqulunqwa okutsha kwe-electrolyte kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokwenza uphuhliso lwesizukulwana esilandelayo seebhetri ezintsha.

Abaphandi basebenzela ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-electrolyte. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-solvents ene-fluorinated enokuthi iphumelele i-lithium ye-cycling yensimbi esebenzayo, i-organic ororganic solid electrolytes enenzuzo kwishishini lezithuthi kunye "neebhetri zombuso oqinileyo" (SSB). Esona sizathu sikukuba ukuba i-electrolyte eqinileyo ithatha indawo ye-electrolyte yolwelo yokuqala kunye ne-diaphragm, ukhuseleko, ukuxinana kwamandla kunye nobomi bebhetri bunokuphuculwa kakhulu. Okulandelayo, sishwankathela ikakhulu inkqubela yophando yee-electrolyte eziqinileyo ngezinto ezahlukeneyo.

Ii-electrolyte eziqinileyo ezingaphiliyo

Ii-electrolyte eziqinileyo ezingaphiliyo zisetyenzisiwe kurhwebo lwezixhobo zokugcina amandla e-electrochemical, ezifana nezinye iibhetri ezihlaziyiweyo ezinobushushu obuphezulu i-Na-S, i-Na-NiCl2 iibhetri kunye neebhetri eziphambili ze-Li-I2. Emuva ngo-2019, u-Hitachi Zosen (eJapan) ubonise ibhetri ye-pouch-state-slid-state ye-140 mAh ukuba isetyenziswe emajukujukwini kwaye ivavanywe kwiSikhululo seNdawo samazwe ngamazwe (ISS). Le bhetri yenziwe nge-sulfide electrolyte kunye namanye amacandelo ebhetri angachazwanga, ekwazi ukusebenza phakathi -40°C kunye ne-100°C. Ngo-2021 inkampani yazisa umthamo ophezulu webhetri eqinileyo ye-1,000 mAh. U-Hitachi Zosen ubona imfuneko yeebhetri eziqinileyo kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nendawo kunye nezixhobo zoshishino ezisebenza kwindawo eqhelekileyo. Inkampani iceba ukuphinda kabini umthamo webhetri ngo-2025. Kodwa okwangoku, akukho mveliso yebhetri engabonakaliyo yonke into enokuthi isetyenziswe kwizithuthi zombane.

I-Organic semi-solid kunye ne-electrolyte eqinileyo

Kudidi lwe-electrolyte eqinileyo ye-organic, i-Bolloré yaseFransi iye yathengisa ngempumelelo i-electrolyte yohlobo lwe-gel-PVDF-HFP kunye ne-gel-type PEO electrolyte. Inkampani iphinde yasungula iinkqubo zokulinga iimoto eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu naseAsia ukusebenzisa le teknoloji yebhetri kwiimoto zombane, kodwa le bhetri yepolymer ayizange yamkelwe ngokubanzi kwiimoto zabahambi. Enye into enegalelo kulwamkelo lwabo olulambathayo lwezorhwebo kukuba banokusetyenziswa kuphela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (50°C ukuya kuma-80°C) kunye noluhlu lwamandla ombane aphantsi. Ezi bhetri ngoku zisetyenziswa kwiimoto zorhwebo, njengeebhasi ezithile zedolophu. Akukho matyala okusebenza ngeebhetri ze-polymer electrolyte eziqinileyo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi (okt, malunga nama-25°C).

Udidi lwe-semisolid lubandakanya i-electrolyte ebonakala kakhulu, efana nemixube yetyuwa enyibilikayo, isisombululo se-electrolyte esinoxinzelelo lwetyuwa oluphezulu kunomgangatho we-1 mol/L, kunye nogxininiso okanye iindawo zokuhluza ukuya kutsho kwi-4 mol/L. Inkxalabo kunye nemixube ye-electrolyte egxininisiweyo yinto ephezulu kakhulu yeetyuwa ze-fluorinated, ekwaphakamisa imibuzo malunga nomxholo we-lithium kunye nefuthe lendalo ye-electrolytes enjalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuthengiswa kwemveliso ekhulileyo kufuna uhlalutyo olubanzi lomjikelo wobomi. Kwaye izinto eziluhlaza ezilungiselelwe i-semi-solid electrolytes nazo zifuna ukuba zilula kwaye zifumaneke ngokulula ukuba zihlanganiswe ngokulula kwizithuthi zombane.

I-electrolyte ye-Hybrid

I-electrolyte ye-Hybrid, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-electrolyte edibeneyo, inokuguqulwa ngokusekelwe kwi-electrolyte ye-aqueous / organic solvent hybrid electrolyte okanye ngokongeza isisombululo se-electrolyte engamanzi angenamanzi kwi-electrolyte eqinile, ngokuqwalasela ukwenziwa kunye nokunyuka kwee-electrolytes eziqinileyo kunye neemfuno zokupakisha iteknoloji. Nangona kunjalo, i-electrolyte enjalo ye-hybridi isekho kwinqanaba lophando kwaye akukho mizekelo yorhwebo.

Iingqwalasela kuphuhliso lwezorhwebo lwe-electrolytes

Iingenelo ezinkulu ze-electrolyte eziqinileyo lukhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nobomi bomjikelo omde, kodwa la manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqwalaselwe ngononophelo xa kuvavanywa enye into engamanzi okanye i-electrolyte eqinileyo:

• Inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye noyilo lwenkqubo ye-electrolyte eqinileyo. Iibhetri zegeyiji yelabhoratri ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka amasuntswana e-electrolyte aqinileyo anamakhulu aliqela eemicron ubukhulu, agqunywe kwelinye icala lee-electrode. Ezi seli zincinci eziqinileyo azimelanga ukusebenza okufunekayo kwiiseli ezinkulu (i-10 ukuya kwi-100Ah), njengoko umthamo we-10 ~ 100Ah ubuncinci obufunekayo kwiibhetri zamandla zangoku.
• I-electrolyte eqinile nayo ithatha indawo yendima ye-diaphragm. Njengoko ubunzima bayo kunye nobukhulu bayo bukhulu kune-PP/PE diaphragm, kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe ukufezekisa ubunzima bobunzima.≥350Wh/kgkunye nokuxinana kwamandla≥900Wh/L ukunqanda ukuthintela urhwebo lwayo.

Ibhetri isoloko ingumngcipheko wokhuseleko kwinqanaba elithile. I-electrolyte eqinile, nangona ikhuselekile kunolwelo, ayithethi ukuba ayinakutsha. Ezinye iipholima kunye nee-electrolyte ezingaphiliyo zinokusabela ngeoksijini okanye amanzi, zivelise ubushushu kunye neegesi eziyityhefu ezithi kananjalo zibeke ubungozi bomlilo kunye nogqabhuko-dubulo. Ukongeza kwiiseli ezilodwa, iiplastiki, iimeko kunye nezinto zokupakisha zinokubangela ukutsha okungalawulekiyo. Ke ekugqibeleni, uvavanyo olupheleleyo, lwenqanaba lokhuseleko luyafuneka.