Imvelaphi

Urhulumente wase-US umisele inkqubo yokufikelela kwimarike egqibeleleyo nengqongqo yemoto. Ngokusekwe kumthetho-siseko wokuthembela kumashishini, amasebe karhulumente akajongi zonke iinkqubo zoqinisekiso novavanyo. Umenzi unokukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokuqhuba i-self-certification kwaye uvakalisa ukuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno zemimiselo. Owona msebenzi uphambili karhulumente kukubeka iliso emva kokohlwaya.

Inkqubo yoqinisekiso lwemoto yase-US ibandakanya ezi ziqinisekiso zilandelayo:

• Isiqinisekiso seDOT: Yiyoibandakanyaukhuseleko lwemoto, ukonga amandla kunye nokuchasana nobusela. Ilawulwa ikakhulu liSebe lezoThutho lase-US / uLawulo lweSizwe loKhuseleko lweNdlela ePhakamileyo. Abavelisi be-Auto babhengeza ukuba ngaba badibana ne-Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) ngokuzihlola, kwaye urhulumente uphumeza inkqubo yokuqinisekisa emva kokujonga.
• Isiqinisekiso se-EPA: I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo yase-US (EPA) yenza isatifikethi se-EPA phantsi kwegunya le-EPA.UMthetho woMoya ococekileyo. Isiqinisekiso se-EPA sikwanazo nezinto ezininzi zokuziqinisekisa. Isiqinisekiso sijolise ikakhulu kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
• Isiqinisekiso seCARB: I-CARB (iBhodi yeMithombo yoMoya yaseCalifornia) lilizwe lokuqala e-US / kwihlabathi ukukhupha imigangatho yokukhutshwa kwezithuthi. Ukungena kule marike kufuna eminye yemithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo emhlabeni. Kwiimoto ezilungele ukuthunyelwa eCalifornia, abavelisi kufuneka bafumane isatifikethi se-CARB esahlukileyo.

I-DOT isiqinisekiso

Igunya leziqinisekiso

I-US DOT inoxanduva lokulawula ezothutho kulo lonke ilizwe, kubandakanywa iimoto, ulwandle kunye nokuthutha umoya. I-NHTSA, iqumrhu eliphantsi le-DOT, ligunya eliqinisekisiweyo le-DOT elinoxanduva lokumisela kunye nokunyanzelisa i-FMVSS. Lilona gunya liphezulu lokhuseleko lwemoto kurhulumente wase-US.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-DOT kukuziqinisekisa (ukuqinisekiswa kwemveliso ngumzi-mveliso ngokwawo okanye umntu wesithathu, kwaye emva koko ufake isicelo kwi-DOT). Umenzi usebenzisa naziphi na iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekiswa, ugcina iirekhodi zazo zonke iimvavanyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuziqinisekisa, kwaye unamathisele uphawu olusisigxina kwindawo echongiweyo yesithuthi esichaza ukuba esi sithuthi sihambelana nayo yonke imimiselo ye-FMVSS esebenzayo xa ishiya i-factory. Ukugqitywa kwala manyathelo angasentla kubonisa ukupasa kwesiqinisekiso se-DOT, kwaye i-NHTSA ayisayi kukhupha iilebhile okanye izatifikethi kwisithuthi okanye isixhobo.

Umgangatho

Imimiselo ye-DOT esebenzayo kwiimoto zohlulwe kwiindidi zobugcisa kunye nezolawulo. Imimiselo yobugcisa yi-FMVSS series, kunye nemimiselo yolawulo yi-49CFR50 series.

Kwizithuthi zombane, ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nokuchasana nokungqubana, ukuphepha ukungqubana kunye neminye imigangatho esebenzayo kwizithuthi zemveli, kufuneka kwakhona zihambelane ne-FMVSS 305: ukuphuphuma kwe-electrolyte kunye nokukhuselwa kombane ngaphambi kokuba bafake uphawu lwe-DOT ngokweemfuno ezifanelekileyo zokulawula.

I-FMVSS 305 icacisa iimfuno zokhuseleko kwizithuthi zombane ngexesha nasemva kokuntlitheka.

• Umda wesicelo: Iimoto ezikhwelwayo ezinombane osebenzayo ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-60 Vdc okanye i-30 Vac yombane njengamandla okuqhubela phambili, kunye neemoto zabakhweli ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi, iilori kunye neebhasi ezinobunzima bubonke obungadlulanga kuma-4536 kg.
• Indlela yokuvavanya: Emva kwempembelelo yangaphambili, impembelelo yecala kunye nempembelelo yangasemva yesithuthi sombane, ukongeza kwi-electrolyte engena kwindawo yabahambi, ibhetri kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo kwaye kufuneka ingangeni kwindawo yabahambi, kunye neemfuno zombane zokugquma. I-impedance kufuneka ibe mkhulu kunexabiso eliqhelekileyo. Emva kovavanyo lokuphahlazeka, uvavanyo lwe-static roll lwenziwa kwi-90° ngomqulu ngamnye ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-electrolyte ayivuzi kwindawo yabahambi kuyo nayiphi na i-angle rollover.

Isebe lokongamela

Isebe elilawulayo lolawulo lwezatifiketi ze-DOT yi-Ofisi yokuThotyelwa koKhuseleko lweZithuthi (OVSC) phantsi kwe-NHTSA, eya kuqhuba uhlolo olungacwangciswanga kwizithuthi kunye nezixhobo minyaka yonke. Uvavanyo lokuthobela luya kwenziwa kwilabhoratri esebenzisana ne-OVSC. Ukuziqinisekisa komenzi kuya kungqinwa kukusebenza ngovavanyo.

Khumbula ulawulo

I-NHTSA ikhupha imigangatho yokhuseleko lwesithuthi kwaye ifuna abavelisi ukuba bakhumbule izithuthi kunye nezixhobo ezineziphene ezinxulumene nokhuseleko. Abathengi banokufaka ingxelo ngeziphene zezithuthi zabo kwiwebhusayithi yeNHTSA. I-NHTSA iya kuhlalutya kwaye iphande ulwazi olufakwe ngabathengi, kwaye igqibe ukuba ngaba umenzi kufuneka aqalise iinkqubo zokukhumbula.

Eminye imigangatho

Ukongeza kwisatifikethi se-DOT, inkqubo yokuvavanya ukhuseleko lwesithuthi sombane sase-US ikwabandakanya imigangatho ye-SAE, imigangatho ye-UL kunye neemvavanyo zokuphahlazeka kwe-IIHS, njl.

SAE

I-Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), eyasekwa ngo-1905, ngowona mbutho wezemfundo omkhulu wehlabathi wobunjineli beemoto. Izinto zophando ziimoto zemveli, izithuthi zombane, iinqwelomoya, iinjini, izixhobo kunye nokuvelisa. Imigangatho ephuhliswe yi-SAE inegunya kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi lishishini leemoto kunye namanye amashishini, kwaye inxalenye enkulu yazo yamkelwa njengemigangatho yesizwe e-United States. I-SAE ikhupha imigangatho kuphela kwaye ayinaxanduva lokuqinisekiswa kwemveliso.

Ukuqukumbela

Xa kuthelekiswa neNkqubo yokuVunywa koHlobo lwaseYurophu, imarike yase-US yezithuthi zombane inomda ophantsi wokungena, umngcipheko ophezulu womthetho kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lwemarike. Abasemagunyeni base-USukuqhuba imarikeukubek' esweni minyaka le. Kwaye ukuba ukungathotyelwa kufunyenwe, isohlwayo siya kunyanzeliswa ngokuhambelana ne-49CFR 578 - IZOHLWAYO ZOBUNTU KUNYE NEZOLWAPHULO-MTHETHO. Kwiprojekthi nganye yesithuthi okanye isithuthi, ukuphulwa ngakunye okuchaphazela ukhuseleko kwenzeka kwaye ukungaphumeleli okanye ukwala nganye ukwenza izenzo ezifunwayo naliphi na kula macandelo kuya kohlwaywa. Esona sixa-mali siphezulu sezohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho yi-105 yezigidi zeedola. Ngohlalutyo olungentla lweemfuno zolawulo lwenkqubo yoqinisekiso lwe-US, sinethemba lokunceda amashishini asekhaya ukuba abe nokuqonda okupheleleyo kwenkqubo yolawulo lofikelelo lwemoto kunye neemveliso zecandelo e-US, kunye nokunceda ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ehambelanayo kunye neemfuno, eziluncedo. ukuphuhlisa imakethi yase-US.