Kukho izizathu ezibini zokuba ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-NEV (IiThuthi zaMandla amaNtsha) sele iyindlela. Okokuqala, emva kokubhaptizwa kwemarike yasekhaya, amashishini e-NEV aseTshayina aye aseka iinzuzo zemveliso kwaye aphuma ngaphandle kwelizwe ukuze abambe imarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Okwesibini, phantsi kwesibheno sombutho wemozulu wamazwe ngamazwe, amazwe amaninzi aqalise ukuqulunqa imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Ukuthunyelwa kwezithuthi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwakuyeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yothutho ngolwandle, kodwa ngoku ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zikaloliwe kuya kuthandwa kakhulu ngabahambi ngenqanawa. Oku kungenxa yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza imeko yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuvuthwa kothutho lukaloliwe lwaseSino-European. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya iimfuno zothutho lukaloliwe olusekelwe kumgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya kunye namaxwebhu oMbutho woBambiswano kaloliwe.

Ngo-Epreli ka-2023, i-National Railway Administration, i-Ofisi yoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, kunye neQela likaLoliwe leSizwe ngokudibeneyo bakhuphe izimvo malunga nokuxhasa uthutho lukaloliwe lwe-NEV kunye nokukhonza ishishini le-NEV. Kwi-plug-in hybrid okanye umbane ococekileyo wezithuthi zempahla yorhwebo entsha eziqhutywa ziibhetri ze-lithium ion kwaye zibandakanyiwe kububanzi beAbavelisi beZithuthi zeNdlela kunye neSibhengezo seMveliso yeSebeyoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi (ukuthumela ngaphandle ababoneleli bamandla amatsha abakho phantsi kwesi sithintelo), uthutho lukaloliwe lwe-NEV alulawulwa njengempahla eyingozi, kwaye amaqela aphetheyo aphatha ezothutho. Oku kuhambelana neemfuno zeImigaqo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lukaloliwe, Itheyibhileye SafetySukujonga kunyeMulawulo lweDnomsindoGoodsUloliwe Tezemidlalo(GB 12268) kunye neminye imithetho, imimiselo kunye nemigangatho efanelekileyo.

Oku kubonisa ukuba: Okokuqala, uthutho lwamandla amatsha kwindlela kaloliwe yasekhaya ayilompahla eyingozi. Okwesibini, ukuba i-NEV idinga uthutho oludityanisiweyo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zasekhaya, imimiselo echaphazelekayo ye-Railway Cooperation Organisation iya kuthotyelwa nayo.

UThutho lwasekhaya

Nangona uthutho kwindlela kaloliwe yasekhaya lunokuthuthwa njengempahla engeyongozi, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe:

I-1, Ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zemveliso yamandla amatsha, umthumeli kufuneka abonelele ngezatifikethi zefektri yezithuthi zemveliso yamandla amatsha (ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweenqwelo zemveliso yamandla amatsha azikho phantsi kwesi sithintelo). Izatifikethi kufuneka zihambelane nomthwalo wokwenene weemveliso zemoto.

2, Imeko yokutshaja ibhetri kunye nemeko yetanki yamafutha. Imeko yokutshaja ibhetri yamandla esithuthi esitsha sorhwebo lwamandla ayisayi kudlula kuma-65%. Akukho kuvuza kunye nezinye iingxaki xa isigqubuthelo somngxuma wetanki we-plug-in hybrid yesithuthi sombane sivaliwe. Ioyile ayisayi kuzaliswa okanye ikhutshwe ngexesha lothutho lukaloliwe.

3, Ukongeza kwiibhetri ezidityanisiweyo, azikho iibhetri ezishiyekileyo kunye nezinye iibhetri ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ukongeza kwizinto eziyimfuneko ezixhotyiswe kumzi-mveliso, akukho ezinye izinto eziya kuthwalwa ngaphakathi kwesithuthi sempahla yamandla esitsha kunye nakwi-trunk.

IngamazweCidibeneTezemidlalo

Kananjalo iya kuhambelana neemfuno zeImigaqo yoThutho lweMpahla eyiNgozi, Isihlomelo No. 2 ukuyaIsivumelwano seNtshukumo yeHlabathi yeMpahla ngoLoliwewoMbutho weNtsebenziswano kaloliwe (emva koku kubhekiselwa kuwo njengeSihlomelo esinguNombolo 2). UMbutho weNtsebenziswano kaloliwe ngumbutho ophakathi koorhulumente. Kukho amalungu angama-27 (ukususela ngo-Agasti 2011): iAzerbaijan, Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Viet Nam, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, China, North Korea, Cuba, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkey Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Czech Republic kunye Estonia. Ukongeza, njengabakhi-mkhanyo abaza kujoyina uMbutho woBambiswano kaLoliwe yiJamani (uloliwe waseJamani), iFransi (uloliwe waseFransi), iGrisi (umzila kaloliwe wesiGrike), iFinland (umzila kaloliwe waseFinland), iSerbia (umzila kaloliwe waseSerbia) kunye nabanye oololiwe belizwe. I-Gier-Choppron-Ebinfuerte Railway Company (umzila kaloliwe waseGieschofu). Umbutho we-Railway Cooperation uphantse ugubungela uloliwe waseMbindi Yurophu kumazwe.

KuLuhlu lweeMpahla ezinobungozi, iSahlulo sesi-3 seSihlomelo 2, iMibonelelo eKhethekileyo - ukuxolelwa kwimiyinge emincinci kunye nezixa ezikhethekileyo: izithuthi ezinebhetri okanye izixhobo ezisebenza ngebhetri, ezinenombolo ye-UN 3171, azikho phantsi kwezithintelo zeSihlomelo 2 iIsivumelwano seNtshukumo yeHlabathi yeMpahla ngoLoliwe. Nceda ubhekisele kwiNqaku eliKhethekileyo 240 leSahluko 3.3. Ezona mfuno ziphambili zeSiqendu esiKhethekileyo sama-240 zezi:

1, Ibhetri okanye ipakethi yebhetri iyahlangabezana neemfuno zazo zonke iimvavanyo kwiSigaba III, 38.3 yeIncwadi yoVavanyo kunye neenqobo zokugweba;

2, Iibhetri kunye neepakethi zebhetri ziya kuveliswa ngokwenkqubo yokulawula umgangatho ilandelayo;

3, UN3171 izithuthi ibhetri-powered, izithuthi zibandakanya kuphela ukusetyenziswa iipakethi ibhetri engamanzi kunye neebhetri sodium, iipakethe ibhetri yentsimbi lithium okanye lithium-ion ibhetri iipakethe izithuthi powered, ingathuthwa emva kokufaka ezi bhetri.

Ukuqukumbela

Idityaniswe neemfuno zothutho lwenkqubo kaloliwe yasekhaya kunye noMbutho weNtsebenziswano kaloliwe, i-NEV yothutho lukaloliwe kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi mfuno zilandelayo:

1, Ipakethi yebhetri ihlangabezana neemfuno ze-UN38.3.

2, Umzi-mveliso webhetri kufuneka ufumane isiqinisekiso senkqubo esemgangathweni.

3, Ngaphambi kokuthuthwa, umthwalo webhetri akufanele udlule i-65%.

4, Xa uthutha kunye nokupakishwa, iibhetri ezisecaleni okanye ezinye iibhetri akufanele zifakwe kwiphakheji.

5, Umthumeli kufuneka abonelele ngezatifikethi zasefektri zeemoto zemveliso yamandla amatsha (ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemoto zemveliso yamandla amatsha azikho phantsi kwesi sithintelo).

Ukongeza, ukuba ilizwe ekusingwa kulo alikho kuMbutho woBambiswano kaloliwe, njengeSpain. Ukongeza ekufezekiseni ezi mfuno zingentla, iimfuno ze-RID nazo ziya kuqwalaselwa.

Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe malunga nololiweindlelauthutho, nceda uqhagamshelane ne-MCM.