Imvelaphi

Ukutshintshwa kwamandla esithuthi sombane kubhekiselele ekutshintsheni ibhetri yamandla ukugcwalisa ngokukhawuleza amandla, ukusombulula ingxaki yesantya esicothayo sokutshaja kunye nokunciphisa izikhululo zokutshaja. Ibhetri yamandla ilawulwa ngumsebenzisi ngendlela emanyeneyo, enceda ukulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo amandla okutshaja, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yebhetri, kunye nokuququzelela ukurisayikilishwa kwebhetri. Amanqaku aphambili oMsebenzi woMgangatho weMoto ngoNyaka wama-2022 akhutshwe nguMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ngoMatshi ka-2022, ekwakhankanye imfuneko yokukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kweenkqubo zokutshaja kunye nokutshintshwa kwemigangatho.

Imeko ekhoyo yophuhliso lokutshintshwa kwamandla

Okwangoku, imowudi yokutshintshwa kwamandla isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwaye yakhuthazwa, kwaye iteknoloji yenza inkqubela enkulu. Obunye ubuchwephesha obutsha busetyenziswe kwisikhululo samandla ebhetri, njengokutshintshwa kwamandla okuzenzekelayo kunye nenkonzo yobukrelekrele. Amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla yehlabathi jikelele baye bamkela iteknoloji yokubuyisela ibhetri yamandla, apho iChina, iJapan, iUnited States kunye namanye amazwe asetyenziswa kakhulu. Bayanda abavelisi beebhetri kunye nabavelisi beemoto baqala ukujoyina ishishini, kwaye ezinye iinkampani ziqalisile ukulinga nokukhuthaza kwizicelo ezisebenzayo.

Kwangoko ngo-2014, i-Tesla yasungula isikhululo sayo sokutshintsha amandla ebhetri, ibonelela abasebenzisi ngeenkonzo zokutshintsha ibhetri ngokukhawuleza ukuphumeza uhambo olude kwindlela enkulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uTesla useke ngaphezulu kwezikhululo zombane ezingama-20 eCalifornia nakwezinye iindawo. Ezinye iinkampani zamaDatshi ziye zazisa izisombululo ezixubeneyo ezisekwe kutshajiso olukhawulezayo kunye neteknoloji yokutshintsha amandla ebhetri okokuqala ngqa. Kwangaxeshanye, iSingapore, iUnited States, iSweden, iJordan kunye namanye amazwe kunye nemimandla iye yaphuhlisa izikhululo zombane ezikwizinga eliphezulu nezinkulu.

Amashishini amaninzi kwindawo yezithuthi zamandla amatsha eziye zatsala ingqalelo enkulu e-China ziqala ukunikela ingqalelo kunye nokuphonononga usetyenziso lwezorhwebo lwemodeli yokutshintsha amandla esithuthi sombane. Imowudi yokutshintshwa kwamandla esetyenziswe yi-NIO, umenzi wemoto entsha yasekhaya eyaziwayo, yindlela ekhethekileyo, evumela umnini ukuba atshintshe ibhetri ngebhetri egcwele ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwemizuzu engama-3.

Kwintsimi yezothutho zikawonkewonke, indlela yokutshintsha amandla ixhaphake kakhulu. Umzekelo, iNingde Times ibambisene neSithili saseNanshan saseShenzhen ukubonelela ngeebhetri zebhasi zombane ezingama-500, kwaye bakhe izikhululo zombane ezingama-30. I-Jingdong yakhe izikhululo zokutshintsha umbane ezingaphezu kwe-100 eBeijing, eShanghai, eGuangzhou, eShenzhen nakwezinye izixeko, ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezikhawulezayo neziluncedo zokutshintsha ibhetri kwizithuthi zolungiselelo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwesikim sokutshintsha amandla

Kweli nqanaba, ezona ndlela ziphambili zokutshintsha umbane kwimarike kukutshintshwa kombane we-chassis, ikhabhathi yangaphambili/umbane ongasemva kunye nokutshintshwa kombane osecaleni.

• CUkutshintshwa kwamandla e-hassis kubhekiselele kwindlela yokususa ipakethi yebhetri yokuqala ukusuka kwindawo engezantsi ye-chassis kunye nokubuyisela ipakethe entsha yebhetri, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimandla yeemoto, i-SUV, i-MPV kunye neenqwelo zokukhanya, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu BAIC, NIO, Tesla njalo njalo. Esi sikimu kulula ukufezekiswa njengoko ixesha lokutshintsha ibhetri lifutshane kwaye iqondo lokuzenzekelayo liphezulu, kodwa kufuneka kwakhiwe isikhululo sombane esisisigxina esitsha kunye nokongeza izixhobo ezitsha zokutshintsha amandla.
• Ikhabhathi yangaphambili/ukutshintshwa kwamandla angasemva kuthetha ukuba ipakethe yebhetri icwangciswe kwikhabhathi yangaphambili/emva kwemoto, ngokuvula ikhabhathi yangaphambili/itranki ukususa nokubuyisela ipakethi yebhetri entsha. Esi sikimu sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimi yeemoto, ngoku isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiLifan, SKIO njalo njalo. Esi sikimu asifuni zixhobo zitsha zokutshintsha amandla, kwaye siqonda ukutshintshwa kwamandla ngokusebenza ngesandla kweengalo zomatshini. Ixabiso liphantsi, kodwa lifuna ukuba abantu ababini basebenzisane, nto leyo ethatha ixesha elide kwaye ingasebenzi kakuhle.
• Ukutshintshwa kwamandla odonga olusecaleni kuthetha ukuba ipakethe yebhetri iyasuswa ecaleni kwaye endaweni yayo kufakwe ipakethi entsha yebhetri, esetyenziswa ikakhulu kumhlaba weemoto zabakhweli kunye neelori, kwaye isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumqeqeshi. Kulo cwangciso, ukulungiswa kwebhetri yeyona nto ifanelekileyo, kodwa udonga olusecaleni kufuneka luvulwe, oluya kuchaphazela ukubonakala kwesithuthi.

Iingxaki ezikhoyo

• Uluhlu olubanzi lweepakethi zebhetri: Iipakethi zebhetri ezisetyenziselwa izithuthi zombane kwiimarike ziyi-ternary lithium-ion iibhetri, iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate, iibhetri ze-sodium-ion, njl. njl. iipakethe.
• Ukulinganisa amandla anzima: ipakethe yebhetri yemoto nganye yombane yahlukile, kwaye isikhululo sombane sokutshintsha umbane kufuneka sifezekise ukuhambelana kwamandla. Oko kukuthi, ukubonelela ngesithuthi ngasinye sombane esingena kwisikhululo kunye nepakethe yebhetri ehambelana namandla afunekayo. Ukongeza, isikhululo samandla kufuneka sihambelane neentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zezithuthi zombane, ezikwabeka imingeni ekuphunyezweni kobuchwephesha kunye nolawulo lweendleko.
• Imiba yokhuseleko: Ipakethi yebhetri yenye yezona zinto zingundoqo zezithuthi zombane, kwaye isikhululo sokutshintshwa kwamandla ezithuthi zombane kufuneka sisebenze kwindawo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwebhetri.
• Iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo: izikhululo zombane zokutshintshwa kwamandla esithuthi sombane kufuneka zithenge inani elikhulu leepakethi zebhetri kunye nezixhobo zokutshintsha, ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu.

Ukuze unike umdlalo kuncedo lwetekhnoloji yokutshintsha amandla, kuyafuneka ukufezekisa ukudityaniswa kweepakethi zeepakethi zeebhetri zeempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli ezahlukeneyo, ukomeleza ukutshintshiselana, kunye nokufezekisa imilinganiselo yendalo yonke yeebhetri zamandla, ulawulo lonxibelelwano, kunye nokuthelekisa izixhobo. Ke ngoko, ukuqulunqwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemigangatho yokutshintshwa kwamandla yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela uphuhliso lweteknoloji yokubuyisela amandla kwixesha elizayo.