Ukhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium luhlala luxhalabisa kwishishini. Ngenxa yobume bezinto ezikhethekileyo kunye nemeko yokusebenza entsonkothileyo, nje ukuba kwenzeke ingozi yomlilo, iya kubangela umonakalo wesixhobo, ilahleko yepropathi, kunye nokwenzakala. Emva komlilo webhetri ye-lithium, ukulahla kunzima, kuthatha ixesha elide, kwaye kaninzi kubandakanya ukuveliswa kweegesi ezinobuthi. Ngoko ke, ukucima umlilo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukusasazeka komlilo, kuthintele ukutshisa okukhulu, kwaye kunikeze ixesha elingakumbi lokuba abasebenzi babaleke.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubaleka kwe-thermal yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, umsi, umlilo, kunye nokuqhuma kwenzeka rhoqo. Ke ngoko, ukulawula ukubaleka kwe-thermal kunye nengxaki yokusabalalisa kuye kwaba ngumngeni ophambili ojongene neemveliso zebhetri ye-lithium kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa. Ukukhetha itekhnoloji yokucima umlilo elungileyo kunokuthintela ukusasazeka ngakumbi kwe-thermal runaway yebhetri, ebaluleke kakhulu ekucinezeleni ukwenzeka komlilo.

Eli nqaku liza kwazisa izixhobo zokucima umlilo eziqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokucima umlilo ezikhoyo ngoku kwimarike, kunye nokuhlalutya okulungileyo kunye nokungalunganga kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokucima umlilo.

Iindidi zeZicimi-mlilo

Okwangoku, izixhobo zokucima umlilo kwiimarike zihlulwe ngokukodwa kwi-gas fire extinguisher, izixhobo zokucima umlilo ezisekelwe emanzini, izicima-mlilo ze-aerosol, kunye nezixhobo zokucima umlilo ezinomgubo owomileyo. Ngezantsi isingeniso kwiikhowudi kunye neempawu zohlobo ngalunye lwesicimi somlilo.

Perfluorohexane: I-Perfluorohexane ibhalwe kuluhlu lwePFAS lwe-OECD kunye ne-US EPA. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwe-perfluorohexane njenge-ejenti yokucima umlilo kufuneka ihambelane nemithetho kunye nemimiselo yendawo kwaye inxibelelane nee-arhente zokulawula indalo. Ekubeni iimveliso ze-perfluorohexane kwi-thermal decomposition yi-greenhouse gases, ayifanelekanga ixesha elide, i-dose enkulu, i-spraying eqhubekayo. Kunconywa ukuba uyisebenzise ngokudibanisa nenkqubo yokutshiza amanzi.

I-Trifluoromethane:Ii-agent ze-Trifluoromethane ziveliswa kuphela ngabavelisi abambalwa, kwaye akukho migangatho ethile yelizwe elawula olu hlobo lwe-arhente yokucima umlilo. Iindleko zokulondolozwa ziphezulu, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwayo akukhuthazwa.

Hexafluoropropane:Le arhente yokucima ithanda ukonakaliswa izixhobo okanye izixhobo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kwaye iGlobal Warming Potential (GWP) yayo iphezulu. Ngoko ke, i-hexafluoropropane ingasetyenziselwa kuphela njenge-agent yenguqu yokucima umlilo.

Heptafluoropropane:Ngenxa yempembelelo ye-greenhouse, ngokuthe ngcembe ithintelwa ngamazwe ahlukeneyo kwaye iya kujongana nokupheliswa. Okwangoku, i-heptafluoropropane agents ziye zayeka, eziya kubangela iingxaki ekuzaliseni iinkqubo ezikhoyo ze-heptafluoropropane ngexesha lokugcinwa. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwayo akukhuthazwa.

Irhasi yangaphakathi:Kubandakanya i-IG 01, IG 100, IG 55, IG 541, phakathi kwayo i-IG 541 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye ibonwa ngamazwe ngamazwe njenge-arhente yokucima umlilo eluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, inobugwenxa beendleko eziphezulu zokwakha, imfuno ephezulu yeesilinda zegesi, kunye nomsebenzi omkhulu wendawo.

Umenzeli osekwe ngamanzi:Izitshizi zokucima umlilo zenkungu yamanzi acocekileyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye zinesiphumo esihle sokupholisa. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kukuba amanzi anomthamo omkhulu wobushushu obuthile, onokukhawuleza ukufunxa ubushushu obukhulu, ukupholisa izinto ezingasebenziyo ezingasebenziyo ngaphakathi kwebhetri kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuthintele ukunyuka kobushushu ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, amanzi abangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiibhetri kwaye akakhuseli, okukhokelela kwiisekethe ezimfutshane zebhetri.

I-aerosol:Ngenxa yobungane bendalo esingqongileyo, ukungabi nabutyhefu, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokugcinwa lula, i-aerosol iye yaba yinto eqhelekileyo yokucima umlilo. Nangona kunjalo, i-aerosol ekhethiweyo kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo ye-UN kunye nemithetho yendawo kunye nemimiselo, kwaye isiqinisekiso semveliso yelizwe siyafuneka. Nangona kunjalo, i-aerosols ayinakho ukupholisa, kwaye ngexesha lesicelo sabo, ubushushu bebhetri buhlala buphezulu. Emva kokuba i-ejenti yokucima umlilo iyeke ukukhulula, ibhetri ilungele ukutshabalalisa.

Ukusebenza kweZicimi-mlilo

I-State Key Laboratory yeSayensi yoMlilo kwiYunivesithi yeSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji yaseChina yenze uphando ngokuthelekisa imiphumo yokucima umlilo ye-ABC powder eyomileyo, i-heptafluoropropane, amanzi, i-perfluorohexane, kunye ne-CO2 yokucima umlilo kwi-38A ibhetri ye-lithium-ion.

Uthelekiso lweNkqubo yokuCima uMlilo

I-ABC powder eyomileyo, i-heptafluoropropane, amanzi, kunye ne-perfluorohexane zonke zinokuwucima ngokukhawuleza umlilo webhetri ngaphandle kokulawula. Nangona kunjalo, izicima-mlilo ze-CO2 azikwazi ukucima imililo yebhetri ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zinokubangela ukutshabalalisa.

Ukuthelekiswa kweZiphumo zokuCima koMlilo

Emva kokubaleka kwe-thermal, ukuziphatha kweebhetri ze-lithium phantsi kwesenzo sokucima umlilo kunokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwezigaba ezintathu: isigaba sokupholisa, inqanaba lokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nenqanaba lokunciphisa ukushisa okucothayo.

Inqanaba lokuqalalinqanaba lokupholisa, apho ubushushu bomphezulu webhetri buhla emva kokuba isicima-mlilo sikhutshiwe. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezibini:

• Ukukhupha ibhetri: Ngaphambi kokubaleka kwe-thermal yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, isixa esikhulu se-alkanes kunye negesi ye-CO2 iqokelela ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Xa ibhetri ifikelela kumda woxinzelelo lwayo, ivelufa yokhuseleko iyavula, ikhuphe igesi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Le gesi ikhupha izinto ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwebhetri ngelixa inika isiphumo sokupholisa kwibhetri.
• Isiphumo sesicima-mlilo: Isiphumo sokupholisa isicima-mlilo sivela ikakhulu kwiindawo ezimbini: ukufunxa ubushushu ngexesha lokutshintsha kwesigaba kunye nesiphumo sokuhlukaniswa kweekhemikhali. Isigaba sokutshintsha ubushushu bususa ngokuthe ngqo ubushushu obuveliswa yibhetri, ngelixa isiphumo sokuhlukaniswa kweekhemikhali ngokungangqalanga sinciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu ngokuphazamisa ukuphendula kweekhemikhali. Amanzi anesona siphumo sibalulekileyo sokupholisa ngenxa yomthamo wawo wobushushu obukhethekileyo, ewavumela ukuba afunxe ubushushu obuninzi ngokukhawuleza. I-Perfluorohexane ilandela, ngelixa i-HFC-227ea, i-CO2, kunye ne-ABC ipowder eyomileyo ayibonisi imiphumo ebalulekileyo yokupholisa, ehambelana nendalo kunye nendlela yokucima umlilo.

Inqanaba lesibini linqanaba lokunyuka kobushushu obukhawulezayo, apho ubushushu bebhetri bunyuka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwixabiso eliphantsi ukuya kwincopho yalo. Njengoko izicima-mlilo zingenako ukukumisa ngokupheleleyo ukubola kwebhetri, kwaye uninzi lwezixhobo zokucima umlilo zineziphumo ezibi zokupholisa, iqondo lobushushu lebhetri libonisa indlela yokunyuka ethe nkqo kwizicimi-mlilo ezahlukeneyo. Ngexesha elifutshane, ubushushu bebhetri bunyukela phezulu.

Kweli nqanaba, kukho umahluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo zokucima umlilo ezahlukeneyo ekuthinteleni ukunyuka kobushushu bebhetri. Ukusebenza kwi-odolo ehlayo ngamanzi> i-perfluorohexane> i-HFC-227ea> i-ABC eyomileyo ye-powder> CO2. Xa ubushushu bebhetri bunyuka ngokucothayo, inika ixesha lokuphendula elingakumbi kwisilumkiso somlilo webhetri kunye nexesha elingakumbi lokuphendula kubasebenzisi.

Ukuqukumbela

1. I-CO2: Izicimi-mlilo ezifana ne-CO2, eyona nto isebenzayo ngokufuthanisela kunye nokuzihlukanisa, zineziphumo ezibi zokuthintela kwimililo yebhetri. Kolu phononongo, iziganeko zokulawula ezinzima zenzeke nge-CO2, okwenza ukuba ingafaneleki kwi-lithium yomlilo webhetri.
2. I-ABC Dry Powder / HFC-227ea: I-ABC eyomileyo yomgubo kunye ne-HFC-227ea yokucima umlilo, eyona nto isebenzayo ngokuzihlukanisa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweekhemikhali, inokuthintela ngokuyinxenye ukuphendula kwekhonkco ngaphakathi kwebhetri ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Banesiphumo esingcono kancinane kune-CO2, kodwa ekubeni bengenazo iziphumo zokupholisa kwaye abanako ukuvala ngokupheleleyo ukuphendula kwangaphakathi kwibhetri, ubushushu bebhetri lusanyuka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba isicimi somlilo sikhutshwe.
3. I-Perfluorohexane: I-Perfluorohexane ayithinteli kuphela ukuphendula kwebhetri yangaphakathi kodwa iphinda ifunxe ubushushu ngokusebenzisa umphunga. Ke ngoko, isiphumo sayo sokuthintela imililo yebhetri ingcono kakhulu kunezinye izicima-mlilo.
4. Amanzi: Phakathi kwazo zonke izixhobo zokucima umlilo, amanzi anesona siphumo sicacileyo sokucima umlilo. Oku kungenxa yokuba amanzi anomthamo omkhulu wobushushu obukhethekileyo, obuvumela ukuba bufunxe ngokukhawuleza ubushushu obukhulu. Oku kupholisa izinto ezingasebenziyo ezingaphakathi ebhetrini, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela ukunyuka kobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, amanzi abangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiibhetri kwaye ayinayo i-insulation effect, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kulumke kakhulu.

Sifanele Sikhethe Ntoni?

Sivavanye iinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi abaninzi benkqubo yokugcina amandla ngoku kwimarike, ngokukodwa besebenzisa izisombululo ezilandelayo zokucima umlilo:

• Perfluorohexane + Amanzi
• I-aerosol + Amanzi

Kuyabonakala ukubaii-synergistic izixhobo zokucima umlilo zezona ndlela ziphambili zabenzi bebhetri ye-lithium. Ukuthatha iPerfluorohexane + Amanzi njengomzekelo, iPerfluorohexane inokucima ngokukhawuleza amadangatye avulekileyo, iququzelele ukudibana kwenkungu yamanzi kunye nebhetri, ngelixa inkungu yamanzi epholileyo inokupholisa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukusebenza ngokubambisana kuneziphumo ezingcono zokucima umlilo kunye nokupholisa xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenzisa i-arhente enye yokucima umlilo. Okwangoku, i-EU's New Battery Regulation ifuna iilebhile zebhetri zexesha elizayo zibandakanye iiarhente ezikhoyo zokucima umlilo. Abavelisi kwakhona kufuneka bakhethe into efanelekileyo yokucima umlilo ngokusekelwe kwiimveliso zabo, imimiselo yendawo kunye nokusebenza.