Kutheni siphuhlisa ukurisayikilishwa kweebhetri

Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezibangelwa ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwe-EV kunye ne-ESS

Ukulahlwa ngokungafanelekanga kweebhetri kunokukhupha isinyithi esinzima kunye nongcoliseko lwerhasi enetyhefu.

Ubuninzi be-lithium kunye ne-cobalt kwiibhetri ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zimbiwa, oku kuthetha ukuba iibhetri zifanelekile ukuphinda zisetyenziswe. Ukurisayikilisha imathiriyeli ye-anode kuya konga ngaphezulu kwe-20% yeendleko zebhetri.

Imigaqo yokuhlaziya iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo

Eusa

EMelika, urhulumente wesigqeba, urhulumente okanye wengingqi unelungelo lokulahla kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Kukho imithetho emibini yomanyano enxulumene nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Eyokuqala ithiUMthetho woLawulo lweBattery eKhona iMercury kunye neTshajwa kwakhona. Ifuna iinkampani okanye iivenkile ezithengisa iibhetri ze-lead-acid okanye iibhetri zenickel-metal hydride kufuneka zamkele iibhetri ezilahliweyo kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe. Indlela yokuhlaziya iibhetri ze-lead-asidi iya kubonwa njengethempleyithi yesenzo sexesha elizayo ekuhlaziyeni kwakhona iibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Umthetho wesibini nguloUMthetho woLondolozo lweZibonelelo kunye noBuyiselo (RCRA). Yakha isakhelo sendlela yokulahla inkunkuma eqinileyo engeyongozi okanye eyingozi. Ikamva lendlela yokuhlaziya iibhetri zeLithium-ion linokuba phantsi kolawulo lwalo mthetho.

EU

I-EU yenze isindululo esitsha (Isindululo sokuLawulwa kwePalamente yaseYurophu KUNYE NEBHUNGA malunga neebhetri kunye neebhetri zenkunkuma, ukutshitshisa uMgaqo ka-2006/66/EC kunye nokulungisa uMmiselo (EU) No 2019/1020). Esi siphakamiso sikhankanya izinto ezinobuthi, kubandakanywa zonke iintlobo zeebhetri, kunye nemfuneko yokulinganiselwa, iingxelo, iileyibhile, inqanaba eliphezulu lekhabhoni, inqanaba eliphantsi le-cobalt, i-lead, kunye ne-nickel recycling, ukusebenza, ukuqina, ukuchithwa, ukutshintshwa, ukhuseleko. , ubume bezempilo, ukuqina kunye nonikezelo lwekhonkco ngokucokisekileyo, njl. Ngokwalo mthetho, abavelisi kufuneka babonelele ngolwazi lokuqina kweebhetri kunye nezibalo zokusebenza, kunye nolwazi lwemithombo yezixhobo zebhetri. Ubonelelo-ngononophelo olufanelekileyo kukuvumela abasebenzisi bokugqibela bazi ukuba zeziphi izinto eziqulethweyo, zivela phi, kunye neempembelelo zabo kokusingqongileyo. Oku kukubeka esweni ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri. Nangona kunjalo, ukupapasha uyilo kunye nemithombo yokubonelela ngemithombo yezinto eziphathekayo kunokuba yinto engafanelekanga kubavelisi beebhetri zaseYurophu, ngoko ke imithetho ayikhutshwa ngokusemthethweni ngoku.

amazwe aseYurophu

Amanye amazwe aseYurophu anokuba nomgaqo-nkqubo wawo wolawulo lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion zokurisayikilisha.

I-UK ayipapashi nayiphi na imigaqo kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Urhulumente wayedla ngokucebisa ukuba kurhafiswe irhafu ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha okanye ukurenta, okanye ahlawule isibonelelo soko. Nangona kunjalo akukho mgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni ophumayo.

IJamani inesakhelo esisemthethweni kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Njengemithetho yokurisayikilisha eJamani, umthetho webhetri yaseJamani kunye nomthetho wokuphela kobomi wokurisayikilisha. IJamani igxininisa i-EPR kwaye icacisa uxanduva lwabavelisi, abathengi kunye nabahlaziyi.

IFransi ikhuphe imithetho yokuhlaziywa kweebhetri ixesha elide, kwaye izenzo zilungiswa ngamanye amaxesha. Imithetho ibhengeza uxanduva olusisinyanzelo lokuqokelela, ukuhlela nokuhlaziya iibhetri kubenzi nabathengisi.

eTshayina

I-China ikhuphe imimiselo ethile malunga nenkunkuma eqinileyo kunye nenkunkuma eyingozi, njengomthetho wolawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo kunye nemithetho yokulawula ungcoliseko lweebhetri zenkunkuma, ezibandakanya ukuveliswa, ukuhlaziya kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ezinye iipolisi zikwalawula iibhetri ezisuka eTshayina phesheya. Umzekelo, urhulumente waseTshayina ukhuphe umthetho wokuthintela inkunkuma eqinileyo ukuba ingangeniswa eTshayina, kwaye ngo-2020, umthetho walungiswa ukuze ugubungele yonke inkunkuma evela kwamanye amazwe.

EAsia

Maninzi amagama asemthethweni alawula ukurisayikilishwa kweebhetri eJapan. Iziko laseJapan lokuSebenza kwakhona kweBatri eTshajwayo (JBRC) lilo elijongene nokurisayikilishwa eJapan.

I-Indiya ikwapapasha imimiselo yeebhetri zenkunkuma. Bafuna abavelisi, abathengisi, abathengi kunye nalo naliphi na iziko elinento yokwenza nokurisayikilishwa, ukuvalelwa, ukuthuthwa okanye ukulungiswa ngokutsha, kufuneka bazithathele uxanduva lwabo. Okwangoku oorhulumente baya kuseka inkqubo yobhaliso ye-EPR ephakathi yokulawula.

I-Australia ayinawo umgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo wokurisayikilisha okwangoku.

Iumngeniyeebhetri zokuphinda zisetyenziswe

Kunzima ukukhupha okanye ukulahla iibhetri ezinolwakhiwo olwahlukileyo.

Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ngezinto ezintsonkothileyo ze-anode kunzima. Ngaphandle koko, iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo azikwazi kuphinda zisebenze kwakhona kwiibhetri ezintsha.

Ukuntsonkotha kweebhetri, ukungabikho kolongamelo kunye nemarike engamiselwanga yehlisa inzuzo yokurisayikilisha, nto leyo iyenza ingabinamali. Singasathethi ke ngeengxaki zokuqokelela, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa kwempahla kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Ukuqukumbela

Ngumsebenzi oyimfuneko nongxamisekileyo ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kumbono wokukhuselwa kwendalo okanye ukonga ubutyebi. Amazwe amaninzi ngokwenene agxile ekuhlaziyeni iibhetri, kwaye abeke ngakumbi kuphando. Imiceli-mngeni ikakhulu iku: ukuhla kweendleko, ukuphuhlisa imo yorhwebo engcono, iindlela ezingcono zokuthumela, ukuphuculwa kokuhlelwa, ubuchwephesha bokwahlula imathiriyeli, ukulinganisa inkqubo yokurisayikilisha kunye nokwenza umgaqo woshishino kunye nenkqubo elungileyo yokurisayikilishwa kunye nenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona.