Ubuchwephesha bonikezelo lwamandla obungaphazamisekiyo (i-UPS) busetyenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo iminyaka emininzi ukuxhasa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwemithwalo ephambili ngexesha lokuphazamiseka kwamandla avela kwigridi. Ezi nkqubo zisetyenzisiwe kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo ukusuka kukuphazamiseka kwegridi ephazamisa ukusebenza kwemithwalo echaziweyo. Iinkqubo ze-UPS zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela iikhompyuter, izixhobo zekhompyuter kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Ngokuziphendukela kweteknoloji entsha yamandla, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla (ESS) ziye zanda ngokukhawuleza. I-ESS, ngakumbi ezo zisebenzisa ubugcisa bebhetri, zibonelelwa ngemithombo ehlaziyekayo efana nelanga okanye amandla omoya kwaye yenza ukuba ugcino lwamandla aveliswa yile mithombo asetyenziswe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Umgangatho wangoku we-US ANSI we-UPS yi-UL 1778, uMgangatho weeNkqubo zaMandla ezingaphazamisekiyo. kunye CSA-C22.2 No. 107.3 for Canada. I-UL 9540, uMgangatho weeNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla kunye neZixhobo, ngumgangatho welizwe laseMelika kunye neCanada ye-ESS. Ngelixa zombini iimveliso ze-UPS ezivuthiweyo kunye ne-ESS ephuma ngokukhawuleza eveliswayo zinento eqhelekileyo kwizisombululo zobugcisa, ukusebenza kunye nofakelo, kukho umahluko obalulekileyo. Eli phepha liza kuphonononga ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo, luchaze iimfuno ezisebenzayo zokhuseleko lwemveliso ezinxulumene nenye kwaye lishwankathele indlela iikhowudi eziguquka ngayo ekujonganeni neentlobo zombini zofakelo.

UkwazisaIUPS

Ulwakhiwo

Inkqubo ye-UPS yinkqubo yombane eyilelwe ukubonelela ngokutshintshana okwethutyana amandla akhoyo ngoku kwimithwalo ebalulekileyo kwimeko yokusilela kwegridi yombane okanye ezinye iindlela zokungaphumeleli komthombo wamandla ombane. I-UPS ilinganiswa ukubonelela ngokuqhubekeka kwangoko komthamo wamandla oqingqwe kwangaphambili kangangexesha elithile. Oku kuvumela umthombo wamandla wesibini, umzekelo, ijenereyitha, ukuba ingene kwi-intanethi kwaye iqhubeke nokugcinwa kogcino lwamandla. I-UPS inokuvala ngokukhuselekileyo imithwalo engeyomfuneko ngelixa iqhubeka nokubonelela ngamandla kwimithwalo yezixhobo ezibaluleke ngakumbi. Iinkqubo ze-UPS zibonelela ngale nkxaso ibalulekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo iminyaka emininzi. I-UPS iya kusebenzisa amandla agciniweyo asuka kumthombo wamandla odibeneyo. Le yesiqhelo yibhanki yebhetri, i-supercapacitor okanye intshukumo yomatshini ye-flywheel njengomthombo wamandla.

I-UPS eqhelekileyo esebenzisa ibhanki yebhetri ekuboneleleni kwayo inezi zinto zilandelayo:

Isilungisi/itshaja – Eli candelo le-UPS lithatha unikezelo lwe-AC olungundoqo, liyilungise kwaye livelise amandla ombane e-DC asetyenziselwa ukutshaja iibhetri.

• I-Inverter – Kwimeko yokusilela kobonelelo olungundoqo, i-inverter iya kuguqula amandla e-DC agcinwe kwiibhetri zibe yimveliso yombane ecocekileyo ye-AC efaneleke izixhobo ezixhaswayo.

• Utshintshelo lokutshintsha – Isixhobo sokutshintshela esizenzekelayo kunye nangoko nangoko esithumela umbane kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, umz. ii-main, i-UPS inverter kunye nejenereyitha, ukuya kumthwalo obalulekileyo.

• Ibhanki yebhetri - Igcina amandla afunekayo ukuze i-UPS yenze umsebenzi wayo.

Imigangatho yangoku kwiinkqubo ze-UPS

• Umgangatho wangoku we-US ANSI we-UPS ngu-UL 1778/C22.2 No. 107.3, uMgangatho weeNkqubo zaMandla ezingenakuphazamiseka, ezichaza i-UPS “njengendibaniselwano yabaguquli, iiswitshi, kunye nezixhobo zokugcina amandla (ezifana neebhetri) ezenza amandla. inkqubo yokugcina ukuqhubekeka kwamandla kumthwalo xa umbane usilela.”

• Ngaphantsi kophuhliso luhlelo olutsha lwe-IEC 62040-1 kunye ne-IEC 62477-1. I-UL/CSA 62040-1 (usebenzisa i-UL/CSA 62477-1 njengoMgangatho wesalathiso) iya kulungelelaniswa nale migangatho.

Ukwazisa ukugcinwa kwamandla iinkqubo (ESS)

I-ESSs ifumana i-traction njengempendulo kwinani lemingeni ejongene nokufumaneka kunye

ukuthembeka kwimarike yamandla yanamhlanje. I-ESS, ngakumbi abo basebenzisa ubugcisa bebhetri, banceda ukunciphisa ukufumaneka okuguquguqukayo kwemithombo ehlaziyekayo efana namandla elanga okanye omoya. I-ESS ingumthombo wamandla athembekileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwaye inokunceda ekulawuleni umthwalo, ukuguquguquka kwamandla kunye neminye imisebenzi enxulumene negridi. I-ESS isetyenziselwa usetyenziso, urhwebo, ushishino kunye nezicelo zokuhlala.

Imigangatho yangoku ye-ESS

I-UL 9540, uMgangatho weeNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla kunye neZixhobo, ngumgangatho welizwe laseMelika kunye neCanada ye-ESS.

• Ipapashwe okokuqala kwi-2016, i-UL 9540 iquka ubuchwepheshe obuninzi be-ESS kuquka iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri (BESS). I-UL 9540 ikwaquka nobunye ubugcisa bokugcina: i-ESS yomatshini, umzekelo, ukugcinwa kwe-flywheel edityaniswe nejenereyitha, ikhemikhali ye-ESS, umzekelo, ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen edityaniswe nenkqubo ye-fuel cell, kunye ne-thermal ESS, umz.
• UL 9540, uhlelo lwayo lwesibini luchaza inkqubo yogcino lwamandla “njengesixhobo esifumana amandla size ke sibonelele ngendlela yokugcina loo mandla ngendlela ethile ukuze isetyenziswe kamva ukuze kubonelelwe ngombane xa kuyimfuneko.” Uhlelo lwesibini lwe-UL 9540 lufuna ngakumbi ukuba i-BESS ixhomekeke kwi-UL 9540A, i-Standard Test Method yoVavanyo lwe-Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation kwii-Battery Energy Storage Systems, ukuba kufuneka ukuhlangabezana ngaphandle kweekhowudi.
• I-UL 9540 okwangoku ikuhlelo lwayo lwesithathu.

Ukuthelekisa i-ESS kunye ne-UPS

Imisebenzi kunye nobukhulu

I-ESS iyafana ekwakhiweni kwe-UPS kodwa iyahluka ekusebenziseni kwayo. Njenge-UPS, i-ESS ibandakanya indlela yokugcina amandla efana neebhetri, izixhobo zokuguqula amandla, umzekelo, ii-inverters, kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo zombane kunye nolawulo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-UPS, nangona kunjalo, i-ESS inokusebenza ngokuhambelana negridi, ekhokelela kwibhayisekile enkulu yenkqubo kunokuba i-UPS iya kuba nakho. I-ESS inokubambisana ngokubambisana kunye negridi okanye kwimodi yokuzimela, okanye zombini, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkqubo yokuguqula amandla esetyenzisiweyo. I-ESS inokusebenza njengomsebenzi we-UPS. Njenge-UPS, i-ESS inokuza ngokobukhulu obahlukeneyo ukusuka kwinkqubo encinci yendawo yokuhlala engaphantsi kwe-20 kWh yamandla kwizicelo eziluncedo zisebenzisa iinkqubo zesikhongozeli samandla eemegawatt ezininzi ezineentsimbi ezininzi zebhetri ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli.

Ukuqulunqwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokhuseleko

Iikhemistri zebhetri eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwi-UPS bezisoloko ziziibhetri ze-lead-asidi okanye ze-nickel-cadmium. Ngokungafaniyo ne-UPS, i-BESS isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana neebhetri ze-lithium-ion ukususela ekuqaleni kuba iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinomsebenzi ongcono womjikelo kunye nobuninzi bamandla obuphezulu, obunokubonelela ngamandla amaninzi kwindawo encinci yomzimba. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion nazo zineemfuno zokulondolozwa ezisezantsi kakhulu kuneteknoloji yebhetri yemveli. Kodwa okwangoku, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo ze-UPS.

Nangona kunjalo, ingozi enkulu e-Arizona ngo-2019 ebandakanya i-ESS esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezisetyenziswayo ibangele ukwenzakala kakhulu kwabaphenduli bokuqala kwaye yatsala ingqalelo yabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo, kubandakanya abalawuli kunye nee-arhente ze-inshurensi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba le ntsimi ekhulayo ayithintelwa yiziganeko ezikhuselekileyo ezikhuselekileyo, iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho kufuneka iphuhliswe kwi-ESS. Ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko kunye nemigangatho ye-ESS, iSebe lezaMandla lase-US (DOE) liqalise iforum yokuqala yonyaka kwi-ESS Safety and Reliability kwi-2015.

IForam yokuqala ye-DOE ESS ibe negalelo kumthamo omkhulu womsebenzi kwiinkcukacha kunye nemigangatho ye-ESS. Eyona nto iphawulekayo kukuphuhliswa kwe-NEC yeNombolo ye-706 kunye nophuhliso lwe-NFPA 855, umgangatho wokufakelwa kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla emileyo, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho weenkqubo zebhetri ezimileyo kwi-ICC IFC kunye ne-NFPA 1. Namhlanje, i-NEC kunye ne-NFPA 855 banayo iphinde yahlaziywa kwiinguqulelo zika-2023.

Ubume bangoku be-ESS kunye nemigangatho ye-UPS

Injongo yayo yonke imithetho kunye nemisebenzi yophuhliso lwemigangatho kukujongana ngokwaneleyo nokhuseleko lwezi nkqubo. Ngelishwa, imigangatho yangoku idale ukudideka kwishishini.

1.NFPA 855. Uxwebhu oluphambili oluchaphazela ukufakwa kwe-BESS kunye ne-UPS yinguqulelo ka-2020 ye-NFPA 855, uMgangatho woFakelo lweeNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla okuSimayo. I-NFPA 855 ichaza ugcino lwamandla “njengendibano yesixhobo esinye okanye ezingaphezulu ezikwaziyo ukugcina amandla okubonelela ngexa elizayo kwimithwalo yombane yasekhaya, iigridi eziluncedo, okanye inkxaso yegridi.” Le nkcazo ibandakanya izicelo ze-UPS kunye ne-ESS. Ukongezelela, i-NFPA 855 kunye neekhowudi zomlilo zifuna ukuba ii-ESSs zihlolwe kwaye ziqinisekiswe kwi-UL 9540. Nangona kunjalo, i-UL 1778 ibisoloko iyinto eqhelekileyo yokhuseleko lwemveliso ye-UPS. Inkqubo iye yavavanywa ngokuzimeleyo ukuze ihambelane neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko kwaye ixhasa ukufakwa okukhuselekileyo. Ke ngoko, imfuno ye-UL 9540 ibangele ukudideka kwishishini.

2. UL 9540A. I-UL 9540A ifuna ukuqala kwinqanaba lebhetri kunye novavanyo lwenyathelo ngenyathelo de udlule kwinqanaba lofakelo. Ezi mfuno zibangela ukuba iinkqubo ze-UPS zixhomekeke kwimigangatho yokuthengisa ebingafunwa ngaphambili.

3.UL 1973. I-UL 1973 yinkqubo yokhuseleko lwebhetri umgangatho we-ESS kunye ne-UPS. Nangona kunjalo, inguqulo ye-UL 1973-2018 ayibandakanyi izibonelelo zokuvavanya iibhetri ze-lead-acid, eziphinda zibe ngumngeni kwiinkqubo ze-UPS usebenzisa iteknoloji yebhetri yendabuko efana neebhetri ze-lead-acid.

Isishwankathelo

Okwangoku, zombini i-NEC (iKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe) kunye ne-NFPA 855 icacisa ezi nkcazo.

• Ngokomzekelo, inguqulelo ka-2023 ye-NFPA 855 icacisa ukuba i-lead-acid ethile kunye ne-nickel-cadmium iibhetri (i-600 V okanye ngaphantsi) zidweliswe kwi-UL 1973.
• Ukongeza, iinkqubo zebhetri ze-lead-asidi eziqinisekisiweyo kwaye zimakishwe ngokwe-UL 1778 akufuneki ukuba ziqinisekiswe ngokwe-UL 9540 xa zisetyenziswa njengonikezelo lwamandla okuxhasayo.

Ukuze kusonjululwe ingxaki yokunqongophala kwemigangatho yovavanyo yeebhetri ze-lead-acid kunye ne-nickel-cadmium kwi-UL 1973, iSihlomelo H (Vavanya iindlela ezizezinye kwi-valve-regulated okanye i-vent lead-acid okanye i-nickel-cadmium ibhetri) yongezwa ngokukodwa uhlelo lwesithathu lwe-UL 1973 olukhutshwe ngoFebruwari 2022.

Olu tshintsho lubonisa uphuhliso oluhle ukwenzela ukwahlula iimfuno zofakelo olukhuselekileyo lwe-UPS kunye ne-ESS. Umsebenzi ongaphezulu uquka ukuhlaziya iNqaku le-NEC ye-480 ukujongana neemfuno zofakelo olungcono lweetekhnoloji ngaphandle kwe-lead-acid kunye ne-nickel-cadmium. Ukongezelela, umgangatho we-NFPA 855 kufuneka uhlaziywe ngakumbi ukuze unike ukucaca ngakumbi kwimimiselo yokukhusela umlilo, ngokukodwa malunga nobuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo obusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezimileyo, nokuba ziyi-UPS okanye i-ESS.

Umbhali uthemba ukuba utshintsho oluqhubekayo luya kuphucula ukhuseleko loshishino, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-UPS yendabuko okanye i-ESS isetyenziswa. Njengoko sibona izisombululo zogcino lwamandla zisanda ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo nezikhawulezayo, ukujongana nokhuseleko lwangaphakathi lweemveliso kubalulekile ekuvuleni ubugcisa obutsha bokhuseleko kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zoluntu.