Ingxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu inokuphazamisa ukuthumela ngenqanawa kwihlabathi jikelele
ULwandle OlubomvuIngxaki inokuphazamisa ukuthumela ngenqanawa kwihlabathi jikelele,
ULwandle Olubomvu,
▍Yintoni i-cTUVus & ne-ETL CERTIFICATION?
I-OSHA (i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration), enxulumene ne-US DOL (iSebe lezeMisebenzi), inyanzelisa ukuba zonke iimveliso eziza kusetyenziswa kwindawo yokusebenza kufuneka zivavanywe kwaye ziqinisekiswe yi-NRTL ngaphambi kokuba zithengiswe emarikeni. Imigangatho yovavanyo esebenzayo ibandakanya imigangatho ye-American National Standards Institute (ANSI); Imigangatho ye-American Society for Testing Material (ASTM), imigangatho yeLabhoratri ye-Underwriter (UL), kunye nemigangatho yombutho wokuqaphela okufanayo.
▍OSHA, NRTL, cTUVus, ETL kunye ne-UL inkcazo yamagama kunye nobudlelwane
OSHA:Ushunqulelo loKhuseleko eMsebenzini kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo. Lumanyano lwe-US DOL (iSebe lezaBasebenzi).
NRTL:Ushunqulelo lweLebhu yoVavanyo eyaMkelwe kuZwelonke. Ijongene noqinisekiso lwaselebhu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho i-18 amaziko ovavanyo lomntu wesithathu avunywe yi-NRTL, kubandakanya iTUV, ITS, MET njalo njalo.
cTUVus:Uphawu lwesatifikethi se-TUVRh eMntla Melika.
ETL:Ufinyezo lweLebhu yoVavanyo loMbane yaseMelika. Yasekwa ngo-1896 nguAlbert Einstein, umqambi waseMelika.
UL:Ushunqulelo lweUnderwriter Laboratories Inc.
▍Umahluko phakathi kwecTUVus, ETL & UL
| Into | UL | cTUVus | ETL |
| Umgangatho osetyenziswayo | Kuyafana | ||
| Iziko elikufaneleyo ukufumana isatifikethi | I-NRTL (ilabhoratri evunywe kuzwelonke) | ||
| Imakethi esetyenziswayo | UMntla Melika (eUS naseKhanada) | ||
| Uvavanyo kunye neziko lezatifiketi | I-Underwriter Laboratory (China) Inc yenza uvavanyo kwaye ikhuphe ileta yokuqukumbela iprojekthi | I-MCM yenza uvavanyo kunye nesatifikethi se-TUV | I-MCM yenza uvavanyo kunye nesatifikethi se-TUV |
| Ixesha lokukhokhela | 5-12W | 2-3W | 2-3W |
| Iindleko zesicelo | Ephezulu kontanga | Malunga ne-50 ~ 60% yeendleko ze-UL | Malunga ne-60 ~ 70% yeendleko ze-UL |
| Inzuzo | Iziko lasekhaya laseMelika elinokwamkelwa okuhle e-US naseCanada | Iziko lamazwe ngamazwe linegunya kwaye libonelela ngexabiso elifanelekileyo, likwavunywa nguMntla Melika | Iziko laseMelika elinokwamkelwa kakuhle eMntla Melika |
| Ukusilela |
| Ukunakana kwebhrendi okuncinci kune-UL | Ukuqondwa okungaphantsi kunoko kwe-UL kwisiqinisekiso secandelo lemveliso |
▍Kutheni i-MCM?
● Inkxaso ethambileyo evela kwisiqinisekiso neteknoloji:Njengelebhu yovavanyo lwamangqina ye-TUVRH kunye ne-ITS kwiSiqinisekiso soMntla waseMelika, i-MCM iyakwazi ukwenza zonke iintlobo zovavanyo kunye nokubonelela ngenkonzo engcono ngokutshintshiselana ngetekhnoloji ubuso ngobuso.
● Inkxaso enzima evela kubuchwepheshe:I-MCM ixhotyiswe ngazo zonke izixhobo zovavanyo lweebhetri ezinkulu, ezinobungakanani obuncinci kunye neeprojekthi ezichanekileyo (oko kukuthi imoto yombane ephathwayo, amandla okugcina, kunye neemveliso zedijithali), ekwazi ukubonelela ngovavanyo lwebhetri ngokubanzi kunye neenkonzo zesatifikethi kuMntla Melika, ukugubungela imigangatho. UL2580, UL1973, UL2271, UL1642, UL2054 njalo njalo.
IULwandle Olubomvukuphela kwendlela yokuhamba ngeenqanawa phakathi kweAtlantiki kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Ime ekudibaneni kwamazwekazi amabini aseAsia naseAfrika. Isiphelo sayo esisemazantsi sidibanisa uLwandle lwaseArabia kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya ngeBab el-Mandeb Strait, kwaye isiphelo sayo esisemantla sidibana noLwandle lweMeditera kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki kwiSuez Canal. Indlela enqumla kwiBab el-Mandeb Strait, uLwandle oluBomvu kunye neSuez Canal yenye yezona ndlela zixakekileyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa ehlabathini. I-Suez Canal ngoku kufuneka ibe ngowona mthambo omkhulu wezothutho kwihlabathi, ngakumbi xa iPanama Canal okwangoku ijongene nokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wokuhamba. Njengomjelo ophambili wokuhamba weAsia-Europe, Asia-Meditera, kunye ne-Asia-Mpuma yeUnited States iindlela, iSuez Canal, impembelelo yayo kurhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenqanawa kubaluleke kakhulu. NgokweNeue Zürcher Zeitung, malunga ne-12% yothutho lwempahla yehlabathi jikelele idlula kuLwandle oluBomvu kunye neSuez Canal.
Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka umjikelo omtsha wengxwabangxwaba yasePalestine-yakwaSirayeli, imikhosi exhobileyo yaseYemen yaseHouthi isoloko iqalisa ukuhlaselwa kwemijukujelwa kunye nedrone kwaSirayeli ngezizathu “zokuxhasa iPalestina” kwaye bezisoloko zihlasela iinqanawa “ezinxulunyaniswa noSirayeli” kuLwandle oluBomvu. Ngenxa yeendaba ezixhaphakileyo zokuhlaselwa kweenqanawa zorhwebo kufutshane ne-Red Sea-Mandeb Strait, iinqanawa ezininzi zeenqanawa kwihlabathi liphela-iSwitzerland iMeditera, iDanish Maersk, iFrench CMA CGM, iJamani Hapag-Lloyd, njl. Indlela yolwandle. Ukusukela nge-18 kaDisemba 2023, ezona nkampani zintlanu ziphezulu kwihlabathi zibhengeze ukuba zirhoxisiwe ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kuLwandle oluBomvu-Suez. Ukongeza, i-COSCO, i-Orient Overseas Shipping (OOCL) kunye ne-Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) nayo yathi iinqanawa zabo zeenqanawa ziyakumisa ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kuLwandle oluBomvu. Okwangoku, iinkampani ezinkulu zehlabathi zokuthumela iikhonteyina sele ziqalile okanye sele ziza kunqumamisa ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kwindlela yoLwandle oluBomvu ukuya eSuez.
Ingxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu ithintele ukubhukisha kuzo zonke iindlela eziya ngasentshona kwiMpuma yeAsia, kubandakanywa noMbindi Mpuma, uLwandle oluBomvu, uMntla Afrika, uLwandle oluMnyama, impuma yeMeditera, intshona yeMeditera kunye nomntla-ntshona weYurophu.
