ULwandle OlubomvuIngxaki inokuphazamisa ukuthumela ngenqanawa kwihlabathi jikelele,
ULwandle Olubomvu,

▍Isiqinisekiso se-MIC saseVietnam

ISetyhula 42/2016/TT-BTTTT ichaze ukuba iibhetri ezifakwe kwiifowuni eziphathwayo, iitafile kunye neencwadana zokubhalela azivumelekanga ukuba zithunyelwe eVietnam ngaphandle kokuba ziphantsi kwe-DoC certifctaion ukususela ngo-Oct.1,2016.I-DoC iya kuphinda ifuneke ukuba ibonelele xa ifaka isicelo sokuVunywa koHlobo lweemveliso zokuphela konyaka (iimfonomfono eziphathwayo, iitafile kunye neencwadana).

I-MIC ikhuphe iSetyhula entsha ye-04/2018/TT-BTTT ngoMeyi, i-2018 echaza ukuba akukho ngxelo ye-IEC 62133:2012 ekhutshwe yilabhoratri evunyiweyo yaphesheya yamkelwa ngoJulayi 1, 2018. Uvavanyo lwendawo luyimfuneko ngelixa ufaka isicelo sesatifikethi se-ADoC.

▍Umgangatho woVavanyo

QCVN101:2016/BTTT(bhekisa kwi-IEC 62133:2012)

▍PQIR

Urhulumente waseVietnam ukhuphe umyalelo omtsha onguNombolo 74/2018 / ND-CP ngoMeyi 15, 2018 ukuba uchaze ukuba iintlobo ezimbini zeemveliso ezingeniswe eVietnam zixhomekeke kwi-PQIR (Ukubhaliswa kokuHlolwa koMgangatho weMveliso) xa zithunyelwa eVietnam.

Ngokusekelwe kulo mthetho, i-Ofisi yoLwazi kunye noNxibelelwano (MIC) yaseVietnam ikhuphe uxwebhu olusemthethweni lwe-2305/BTTTT-CVT ngoJulayi 1, 2018, oluchaza ukuba iimveliso eziphantsi kolawulo lwayo (kubandakanywa neebhetri) kufuneka zifakwe kwi-PQIR xa zithunyelwa ngaphandle. ukuya eVietnam.I-SDoC iya kungeniswa ukuze igqibezele inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwempahla ekhoyo.Umhla osemthethweni wokungena ekusebenzeni kwalo mmiselo ngo-Agasti 10, 2018. I-PQIR isetyenziswa ekungeniseni enye eVietnam, oko kukuthi, rhoqo xa umntu ongenisa impahla evela kwamanye amazwe engenisa impahla, uya kufaka isicelo se-PQIR (ukuhlolwa kwebhetshi) + SDoC.

Nangona kunjalo, kubarhwebi abangxamisekileyo ukuba bangenise iimpahla ngaphandle kwe-SDOC, i-VNTA iya kuqinisekisa okwethutyana i-PQIR kwaye iququzelele ukukhutshwa kwempahla.Kodwa abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka bangenise i-SDoC kwi-VNTA ukuze igqibezele inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwempahla ngaphakathi kwe-15 leentsuku zokusebenza emva kokukhutshwa kwempahla ephumayo.(I-VNTA ayisayi kuphinda ikhuphe i-ADOC yangaphambili esebenza kuphela kwi-Vietnam Local Manufacturers)

▍Kutheni i-MCM?

● Umxhasi woLwazi lwamva nje

● Umseki wegumbi lovavanyo lwebhetri yeQuacert

I-MCM ngoko iba yeyona arhente ikuphela kwayo yale lebhu e-Mainland China, eHong Kong, eMacau naseTaiwan.

● Inkonzo ye-Arhente yokuma enye

I-MCM, i-arhente efanelekileyo yokumisa enye, ibonelela ngovavanyo, isatifikethi kunye nenkonzo ye-arhente kubathengi.

ULwandle Olubomvu kuphela kwendlela yokuba iinqanawa zihambe phakathi kweAtlantiki kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.Ime ekudibaneni kwamazwekazi amabini aseAsia naseAfrika.Isiphelo sayo esisemazantsi sidibanisa uLwandle lwaseArabia kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya ngeBab el-Mandeb Strait, kwaye isiphelo sayo esisemantla sidibana noLwandle lweMeditera kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki kwiSuez Canal.Indlela enqumla kwiBab el-Mandeb Strait, uLwandle oluBomvu kunye neSuez Canal yenye yezona ndlela zixakekileyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa ehlabathini.I-Suez Canal ngoku kufuneka ibe ngowona mthambo omkhulu wezothutho kwihlabathi, ngakumbi xa iPanama Canal okwangoku ijongene nokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wokuhamba.Njengomjelo ophambili wokuhamba weAsia-Europe, Asia-Meditera, kunye ne-Asia-Mpuma yeUnited States iindlela, iSuez Canal, impembelelo yayo kurhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenqanawa kubaluleke kakhulu.NgokweNeue Zürcher Zeitung, malunga ne-12% yothutho lwempahla yehlabathi jikelele idlula kuLwandle oluBomvu kunye neSuez Canal.
Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka umjikelo omtsha wengxwabangxwaba yasePalestine-yakwaSirayeli, imikhosi exhobileyo yaseYemen yaseHouthi isoloko iqalisa ukuhlaselwa kwemijukujelwa kunye nedrone kwaSirayeli ngezizathu “zokuxhasa iPalestina” kwaye bezisoloko zihlasela iinqanawa “ezinxulunyaniswa noSirayeli” kuLwandle oluBomvu.Ngenxa yeendaba ezixhaphakileyo zokuhlaselwa kweenqanawa zorhwebo kufutshane ne-Red Sea-Mandeb Strait, iinqanawa ezininzi zeenqanawa kwihlabathi liphela-iSwitzerland iMeditera, iDanish Maersk, iFrench CMA CGM, iJamani Hapag-Lloyd, njl. Indlela yolwandle.Ukusukela nge-18 kaDisemba 2023, ezona nkampani zintlanu ziphezulu kwihlabathi zibhengeze ukuba zirhoxisiwe ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kuLwandle oluBomvu-Suez.Ukongeza, i-COSCO, i-Orient Overseas Shipping (OOCL) kunye ne-Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) nayo yathi iinqanawa zabo zeenqanawa ziyakumisa ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kuLwandle oluBomvu.Okwangoku, iinkampani ezinkulu zehlabathi zokuthumela iikhonteyina sele ziqalile okanye sele ziza kunqumamisa ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kwindlela yoLwandle oluBomvu ukuya eSuez.
Ingxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu ithintele ukubhukisha kuzo zonke iindlela eziya ngasentshona eMpuma ye-Asia, kubandakanywa noMbindi Mpuma, uLwandle oluBomvu, uMntla Afrika, uLwandle oluMnyama, impuma yeMeditera, intshona yeMeditera kunye nomntla-ntshona weYurophu.Ingxaki eqhelekileyo ejongene nayo ngoku, ngaphezu kokunyuka kweendleko. , kukungabikho kwendawo.Umthamo wenkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawa uqinile, imithwalo yaselwandle iye yanda, kwaye umsantsa omkhulu kwizikhongozeli ezingenanto kubangele inani elikhulu lempahla eyingozi (equlathe imithwalo yebhetri ye-lithium) yaliwe ukubhukisha.Okuphambili kunikwe imithwalo ngokubanzi ebhodini.Iindlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa sele ziqalisile zifuna ukuba umthwalo owawusingelwe kuLwandle oluBomvu uhanjiswe ngokutsha ujikeleze iCape of Good Hope.Oku kuthetha ukuba umthwalo wokuqala kufuneka uhlengahlengiswe kwaye ixesha lokuthutha kufuneka landiswe.
Ukuba umthengi akavumi ukuphambukiswa, uya kucelwa ukuba akhuphe imithwalo kwaye abuyisele isikhongozeli.Ukuba umgqomo uhlala uhleli, iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kufuneka zihlawulwe.Kuyaqondwa ukuba i-US $ 1,700 eyongezelelweyo iya kuhlawuliswa kwisikhongozeli ngasinye se-20-foot, kunye ne-US $ 2,600 eyongezelelweyo iya kuhlawuliswa kwi-container ye-40-foot.