Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweebhetri zeLithium —Amanqaku aphambiliyeCustoms Regulations,
Amanqaku aphambili,

▍Yintoni i-CTIA CERTIFICATION?

I-CTIA, isishunqulelo se-Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association, ngumbutho woluntu ongenzi nzuzo owasekwa ngo-1984 ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa inzuzo yabasebenzi, abavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi.I-CTIA ibandakanya bonke abasebenzi base-US kunye nabavelisi abavela kwiinkonzo zikanomathotholo eziphathwayo, kunye nakwiinkonzo zedatha ezingenazingcingo kunye neemveliso.Ixhaswa yiFCC (iKomishoni yoNxibelelwano lwe-Federal) kunye neCongress, i-CTIA yenza inxalenye enkulu yemisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi eyayisetyenziselwa ukuqhutywa ngurhulumente.Ngo-1991, i-CTIA yenze inkqubo yovavanyo lwemveliso engakhethi cala, ezimeleyo nebekwe kwindawo esembindini kunye nenkqubo yoqinisekiso yoshishino olungenazingcingo.Ngaphantsi kwenkqubo, zonke iimveliso ezingenazingcingo ezikwibakala labathengi ziya kuthatha iimvavanyo zokuthobela kwaye abo bathobela imigangatho efanelekileyo baya kunikwa ukuba basebenzise uphawu lwe-CTIA kunye nokubetha iishelufa zevenkile yentengiso yonxibelelwano yaseMntla Melika.

I-CATL (i-CTIA eGunyaziweyo yoVavanyo lweLebhu) imele iilebhu ezivunyiweyo yi-CTIA ukuze zivavanywe kwaye zihlolwe.Iingxelo zovavanyo ezikhutshwe kwi-CATL ziya kuvunywa zonke yi-CTIA.Ngelixa ezinye iingxelo zovavanyo kunye neziphumo ezisuka kwi-non-CATL zingayi kuqatshelwa okanye zingabi nafikelelo kwi-CTIA.I-CATL evunyiweyo yi-CTIA iyahluka kumashishini kunye neziqinisekiso.I-CATL kuphela efanelekile kuvavanyo lokuthotyelwa kwebhetri kunye nokuhlolwa inokufikelela kwisatifikethi sebhetri sokuthotyelwa kwe-IEEE1725.

▍CTIA iMigangatho yoVavanyo lwebhetri

a) IMfuneko yeSiqinisekiso seSistim yeBattery Ukuthotyelwa kwe-IEEE1725-Isebenza kwiiNkqubo zeBhetri ezineseli enye okanye iiseli ezininzi ezidityaniswe ngokufanayo;

b) IMfuneko yeSiqinisekiso seSistim yeBattery Ukuthotyelwa kwe-IEEE1625- Isebenza kwiiSystems zeBattery ezineeseli ezininzi ezidityaniswe ngokufana okanye kuzo zombini ezihambelanayo kunye nochungechunge;

Iingcebiso ezifudumeleyo: Khetha ngaphezulu kwemigangatho yoqinisekiso ngokufanelekileyo kwiibhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye neekhompyuter.Musa ukusebenzisa kakubi i-IEE1725 kwiibhetri ezikwiiselfowuni okanye i-IEEE1625 kwiibhetri ezikwiikhompyutha.

▍Kutheni i-MCM?

●Itekhnoloji enzima:Ukusukela ngo-2014, i-MCM ibizimasa inkomfa yokupakisha ibhetri ebanjwa yi-CTIA e-US minyaka le, kwaye iyakwazi ukufumana uhlaziyo lwamva nje nokuqonda iindlela ezintsha zomgaqo-nkqubo malunga ne-CTIA ngendlela ekhawulezayo, echanekileyo nesebenzayo.

●Isiqinisekiso:I-MCM yiCATL evunyiweyo yi-CTIA kwaye ifanelekile ukwenza zonke iinkqubo ezinxulumene nesatifikethi kubandakanya uvavanyo, uphicotho lwefektri kunye nokufakwa kwengxelo.

Ngaba iibhetri ze-lithium zihlelwa njengempahla eyingozi?
Ewe, iibhetri ze-lithium zihlelwa njengempahla eyingozi.
Ngokwemigaqo yamazwe ngamazwe efana neeNgcebiso kuThutho lweeMpahla eziMngcipheko (TDG), iKhowudi yeMpahla yeeNdawo eziDangerous yamazwe ngamazwe (iKhowudi ye-IMDG), kunye neMiyalelo yoBuchwephesha yoThutho oluKhuselekileyo lweMpahla eyiNgozi epapashwe yi-International Civil Aviation Organisation ( I-ICAO), iibhetri ze-lithium ziwela phantsi kweKlasi ye-9: Izinto ezinobungozi kunye namanqaku ahlukeneyo, kuquka izinto ezinobungozi bokusingqongileyo.
Kukho iindidi ezi-3 eziphambili zeebhetri ze-lithium ezineenombolo ze-5 ze-UN ezihlelwe ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yokusebenza kunye neendlela zokuthutha:
 Iibhetri ze-lithium ezizimeleyo: Zinokwahlulwa ngakumbi kwiibhetri zetsimbi ze-lithium kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezihambelana neenombolo ze-UN UN3090 kunye ne-UN3480, ngokulandelanayo.
 Iibhetri zeLithium ezifakwe kwizixhobo: Ngokufanayo, zikwahlulahlulwe kwiibhetri zetsimbi ze-lithium kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezihambelana neenombolo ze-UN UN3091 kunye ne-UN3481, ngokulandelanayo.
 Izithuthi ezisebenza ngebhetri yeLithium okanye izixhobo eziziqhubela ngokwazo: Imizekelo ibandakanya iimoto zombane, iibhayisekile zombane, izithuthuthu zombane, izitulo zamavili zombane, njalo njalo, ezihambelana nenombolo ye-UN3171.
Ngaba iibhetri ze-lithium zifuna ukupakishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi?
Ngokwemigaqo ye-TDG, iibhetri ze-lithium ezifuna ukupakishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ziquka:
 Iibhetri zesinyithi zeLithium okanye iibhetri ze-lithium alloy ezinomxholo we-lithium omkhulu kune-1g.
 I-Lithium metal okanye i-lithium alloy ibhetri iipakethi ezinomxholo opheleleyo we-lithium ongaphezulu kwe-2g.
 Iibhetri zeLithium-ion ezinomthamo olinganisiweyo ongaphezu kwe-20 Wh, kunye neepakethi zebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinomthamo olinganisiweyo ongaphezu kwe-100 Wh.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium ezikhululwe kwipakethe yempahla eyingozi zisafuna ukubonisa umlinganiselo weyure ye-watt kwipakethe yangaphandle.Ukongezelela, kufuneka babonise iimpawu zebhetri ze-lithium ezithobelayo, ezibandakanya umda obomvu odayiweyo kunye nesimboli emnyama ebonisa umngcipheko womlilo kwiipakethi zebhetri kunye neeseli.
Ziziphi iimfuno zovavanyo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kweebhetri ze-lithium?
Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kweebhetri ze-lithium kunye neenombolo ze-UN i-UN3480, i-UN3481, i-UN3090, kunye ne-UN3091, kufuneka baqhube uluhlu lweemvavanyo ngokweSiqendwana 38.3 seCandelo le-III leNgcebiso zeZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga nokuThuthwa kweeMpahla ezinobungozi - Incwadi yoVavanyo kunye neMithetho. .Iimvavanyo zibandakanya: ukulinganisa ukuphakama, uvavanyo lokuhamba ngebhayisikile eshushu (amaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi), ukungcangcazela, ukothuka, isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle kwi-55 ℃, impembelelo, ukutyumza, ukuchasa, kunye nokukhutshwa ngenkani.Ezi mvavanyo ziqhutyelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okukhuselekileyo kweebhetri ze-lithium.