ULwandle OlubomvuIngxaki inokuphazamisa ukuthumela ngenqanawa kwihlabathi jikelele,
ULwandle Olubomvu,

▍Yintoni iSatifikethi se-CB?

I-IECEE CB yinkqubo yokuqala yokwenyani yamazwe ngamazwe yokwamkelwa ngokufanayo kweengxelo zovavanyo lokhuseleko lwezixhobo zombane.I-NCB (i-National Certification Body) ifikelela kwisivumelwano samazwe amaninzi, esenza ukuba abavelisi bafumane isatifikethi sesizwe kwamanye amazwe angamalungu phantsi kwe-CB scheme ngesiseko sokudlulisela esinye sezatifikethi ze-NCB.

Isatifikethi se-CB luxwebhu lwesikimu se-CB esisesikweni esikhutshwe yi-NCB egunyazisiweyo, ekwazisa enye i-NCB ukuba iisampuli zemveliso ezivavanyiweyo ziyahambelana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni.

Njengohlobo lwengxelo esemgangathweni, ingxelo ye-CB idwelisa iimfuno ezifanelekileyo ukusuka kwinqaku le-IEC elisemgangathweni ngento.Ingxelo ye-CB ayinikezi kuphela iziphumo zazo zonke iimvavanyo ezifunekayo, ukulinganisa, ukuqinisekiswa, ukuhlolwa kunye nokuhlola ngokucacileyo kunye nokungacacisi, kodwa kubandakanywa neefoto, umzobo wesiphaluka, imifanekiso kunye nenkcazo yemveliso.Ngokomgaqo weskim se-CB, ingxelo yeCB ayizukusebenza de iveze nesatifikethi seCB kunye.

▍Kutheni sifuna iSiqinisekiso se-CB?

1. Ngqolyukuqondazed or imvumeedngeilunguamazwe

Ngesatifikethi se-CB kunye nengxelo yovavanyo lwe-CB, iimveliso zakho zinokuthunyelwa kumazwe athile ngokuthe ngqo.

1. Guqulela kwamanye amazwe izatifikethi

Isatifikethi se-CB sinokuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwisatifikethi samazwe angamalungu ayo, ngokubonelela ngesatifikethi se-CB, ingxelo yovavanyo kunye nengxelo yokuvavanya umahluko (xa kufanelekile) ngaphandle kokuphinda uvavanyo, olunokunciphisa ixesha eliphambili lokuqinisekiswa.

1. Qinisekisa uKhuseleko lweMveliso

Uvavanyo lwesiqinisekiso se-CB luqwalasela ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwemveliso kunye nokhuseleko olubonakalayo xa lusetyenziswa kakubi.Imveliso eqinisekisiweyo ingqina ukuba iyanelisa iimfuno zokhuseleko.

▍Kutheni i-MCM?

● Isiqinisekiso:I-MCM yeyokuqala egunyazisiweyo ye-CBTL ye-IEC 62133 isiqinisekiso esisemgangathweni yiTUV RH kwilizwe laseTshayina.

● Isatifikethi kunye namandla okuvavanya:I-MCM iphakathi kwepatch yokuqala yovavanyo kunye nesiqinisekiso somntu wesithathu kumgangatho we-IEC62133, kwaye igqibe ngaphezu kwe-7000 yokuvavanya ibhetri ye-IEC62133 kunye neengxelo ze-CB kubathengi behlabathi.

● Inkxaso yobugcisa:I-MCM ineenjineli ezingaphezu kwe-15 zobuchwephesha ezikhethekileyo kuvavanyo ngokomgangatho we-IEC 62133.I-MCM ibonelela abathengi ngolwazi olubanzi, oluchanekileyo, oluvaliweyo lwenkxaso yobugcisa kunye neenkonzo zolwazi oluphambili.

IULwandle Olubomvukuphela kwendlela yokuba iinqanawa zihambe phakathi kweAtlantiki kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.Ime ekudibaneni kwamazwekazi amabini aseAsia naseAfrika.Isiphelo sayo esisemazantsi sidibanisa uLwandle lwaseArabia kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya ngeBab el-Mandeb Strait, kwaye isiphelo sayo esisemantla sidibana noLwandle lweMeditera kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki kwiSuez Canal.Indlela enqumla kwiBab el-Mandeb Strait, uLwandle oluBomvu kunye neSuez Canal yenye yezona ndlela zixakekileyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa ehlabathini.I-Suez Canal ngoku kufuneka ibe ngowona mthambo omkhulu wezothutho kwihlabathi, ngakumbi xa iPanama Canal okwangoku ijongene nokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wokuhamba.Njengomjelo ophambili wokuhamba weAsia-Europe, Asia-Meditera, kunye ne-Asia-Mpuma yeUnited States iindlela, iSuez Canal, impembelelo yayo kurhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenqanawa kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngokutsho kweNeue Zürcher Zeitung, malunga ne-12% yothutho lwempahla yehlabathi jikelele idlula kuLwandle oluBomvu kunye neSuez Canal. Ukusukela ekuqhambukeni komjikelo omtsha wongquzulwano lwasePalestine-Israeli, imikhosi exhobileyo yaseYemen yaseYemen ibisoloko iqalisa ukuhlasela imijukujelwa kunye nedrone kuSirayeli. kwimihlaba "yokuxhasa iPalestina" kwaye baye baqhubeka behlasela iinqanawa "ezinxulumene noSirayeli" kuLwandle Olubomvu.Ngenxa yeendaba ezixhaphakileyo zokuhlaselwa kweenqanawa zorhwebo kufutshane ne-Red Sea-Mandeb Strait, iinqanawa ezininzi zeenqanawa kwihlabathi liphela-iSwitzerland iMeditera, iDanish Maersk, iFrench CMA CGM, iJamani Hapag-Lloyd, njl. Indlela yolwandle.Ukusukela nge-18 kaDisemba 2023, ezona nkampani zintlanu ziphezulu kwihlabathi zibhengeze ukuba zirhoxisiwe ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kuLwandle oluBomvu-Suez.Ukongeza, i-COSCO, i-Orient Overseas Shipping (OOCL) kunye ne-Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) nayo yathi iinqanawa zabo zeenqanawa ziyakumisa ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kuLwandle oluBomvu.Okwangoku, iinkampani ezinkulu zehlabathi zokuthumela iikhonteyina sele ziqalile okanye sele ziza kunqumamisa ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kwindlela yoLwandle oluBomvu ukuya eSuez.
Ingxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu ithintele ukubhukisha kuzo zonke iindlela eziya ngasentshona kwiMpuma yeAsia, kubandakanywa noMbindi Mpuma, uLwandle oluBomvu, uMntla Afrika, uLwandle oluMnyama, impuma yeMeditera, intshona yeMeditera kunye nomntla-ntshona weYurophu.
Ingxaki eqhelekileyo ngoku ejongene nayo, ngaphezu kokunyuka kweendleko, kukungabikho kwendawo.Umthamo wenkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawa uqinile, imithwalo yaselwandle iye yanda, kwaye umsantsa omkhulu kwizikhongozeli ezingenanto kubangele inani elikhulu lempahla eyingozi (equlathe imithwalo yebhetri ye-lithium) yaliwe ukubhukisha.Okuphambili kunikwe imithwalo ngokubanzi ebhodini.Iindlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa sele ziqalisile zifuna ukuba umthwalo owawusingelwe kuLwandle oluBomvu uhanjiswe ngokutsha ujikeleze iCape of Good Hope.Oku kuthetha ukuba umthwalo wokuqala kufuneka uhlengahlengiswe kwaye ixesha lokuthutha kufuneka landiswe.
Ukuba umthengi akavumi ukuphambukiswa, uya kucelwa ukuba akhuphe imithwalo kwaye abuyisele isikhongozeli.Ukuba umgqomo uhlala uhleli, iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kufuneka zihlawulwe.Kuyaqondwa ukuba i-US $ 1,700 eyongezelelweyo iya kuhlawuliswa kwisikhongozeli ngasinye se-20-foot, kunye ne-US $ 2,600 eyongezelelweyo iya kuhlawuliswa kwi-container ye-40-foot.